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Pharm > Week 1/Chpt1 > Flashcards

Week 1/Chpt1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their interactions with living cells and systems

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2
Q

What are the uses of drugs

A

Diagnosis
Treatment of disease
Prevention of disease

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3
Q

What do “drugs” include (4)

A

Synthetically derived compounds
Vitamins
Minerals
Herbal supplements

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4
Q

Role of dental hygienist in relation to pharmacology

A

Knowledge of pt meds/ health hx
Understanding of actions indications adverse reactions and therapeutic use

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5
Q

Who is usually the 1st to assess the patients medication history

A

Dental hygienist (DH)

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6
Q

In an emergency situation such as anaphylactic shock, what is administered quickly

A

Epinephrine

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7
Q

Early morning appointments should be scheduled for what pts

A

Asthmatic and anxious patients to reduce anxiety

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8
Q

Diabetic patients should be scheduled for an appointment when?

A

90 mins after meals and meds

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9
Q

Premedication/prophylaxis should be done how long prior to invasive dental treatment

A

30-60mins

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10
Q

All drugs have at least how many names

A

2

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11
Q

Each drug has only 1 ____ name, but can have several _____ names

A

Generic; trade

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12
Q

Chemical name/code name is given by

A

Company investigating the drug, drugs chemical structure

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13
Q

Trade name/brand name is given by?

A

Pharmaceutical company that discovers the drug

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14
Q

Generic name: “official name” refers to? Example?

A

Only 1 name per drug, before marketed not capitalized
Example: ibuprofen

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15
Q

After the original patent have expired, other companies can market the _____ name under a trade name of their choice. Example?

A

Generic name
Example: Advil

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16
Q

Generic substitution provides what kind of results at a reduced cost

A

Equivalent therapeutic results

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17
Q

What does chemically equivalent mean

A

2 formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards

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18
Q

What does biologically equivalent mean

A

2 formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues

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19
Q

What does therapeutically equivalent mean?

A

2 formulations of a drug have equal therapeutic effects in a clinical trial

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20
Q

A drug consumed can be ____ equivalent but NOT _____ or _______ equivalent

A

Chemically; biologically; therapeutically

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21
Q

If it is biologically equivalent then it is

A

Therapeutically equivalent

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22
Q

Before drug products are authorized for sale in Canada, who reviews them to assess their safety, efficacy and quality

A

Health Canada

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23
Q

Drug products include?

A

Prescription and non prescription pharmaceuticals, disinfectants and sanitizers with disinfectant claims

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24
Q

Prior to being given market authorization a manufacturer must present

A

Substantive scientific evidence of a products safety, efficacy and quality as required by the food and drugs act regulation

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25
Q

When a product is offered for sale in Canada to treat or prevent disease or symptoms it is regulated as a drug under?

A

The food and drugs act

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26
Q

What 2 acts regulate narcotics in Canada

A

-Canadian food and drugs act (FDA)
-Controlled substances & drugs act (CDSA)

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27
Q

FDA requires that drugs comply with

A

Prescribed standards

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28
Q

FDA prohibits sale of drugs that are

A

Contaminated or unsafe

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29
Q

CDSA governs the

A

Possession, sale, manufacture production and distribution of narcotics

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30
Q

CDSA requires that only

A

Authorized persons possess narcotic substances

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31
Q

Authorized persons who can possess narcotic substances includes

A

Licensed manufacturers/distributors, pharmacists, practitioners, persons in charge of hospitals, or a person who has secured narcotics after filling a legal prescription

32
Q

Clinical evaluation of a new drug takes how long from when the drug is synthesized to pharmacy shelves

A

12 years

33
Q

Preclinical testing of a new drug involves what?
How long does it last?

A

Animal studies; measures acute/chronic toxicity, median lethal dose
Lasts about 3 years

34
Q

Clinical studies of a new drug occurs in how many phases? (Human)

A

4

35
Q

Phase 1 of clinical studies of a new drug involves what

A

Small and then increasing doses given to limited healthy human volunteers; to determine safety

36
Q

Phase 2 of clinical studies of a new drug involves what?

A

Larger group of humans given the drug. To determine effectiveness

37
Q

In phase 2 of new drug clinical studies, if any adverse reactions occur they are reported to?

A

FDA

38
Q

What does phase 3 of clinical studies of a new drug consist of?

A

Group of patients given drug with the condition the drug is for

39
Q

Phase 3 determines what?

A

Safety
Efficacy and
Dosage of the drug

40
Q

Phase 4 of clinical studies of a new drug consists of what

A

Post marketing surveillance
-toxicity of drug reported after released
-removed off shelves if toxic

41
Q

The CDSA is extremely important because it sets current requirement for

A

Writing prescriptions

42
Q

Federal law divides controlled drugs into how many schedules according to abuse potential

A

5

43
Q

Describe schedule I drugs

A

Highest abuse potential
-no accepted medical use; experimental use only/research

44
Q

What is an example of a schedule I drug

A

Heroin
LSD
Hallucinogenics

45
Q

Schedule II drugs require

A

A written prescription with providers signature. NO REFILLS
-high abuse potential

46
Q

Examples of schedule II drugs

A

Oxycodone
Morphine
Amphetamine

47
Q

Schedule III drugs have moderate abuse potential; no more than how many prescriptions in 6 months?

A

5

48
Q

Example of schedule III drugs

A

Codeine mixtures (Tylenol 3)

49
Q

Schedule IV drugs have a lesser abuse potential. No more than how many prescriptions in 6 months?

A

5

50
Q

Example of schedule IV drug

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Tramadol (ultram)

51
Q

Describe schedule V drugs

A

Least abuse potential
-can be bought otc

52
Q

Schedule II and IV require what?

A

Prescription

53
Q

What is a schedule I drug dental hygienists are allowed to prescribe

A

0.12% chlorohexidine gluconate

54
Q

Package inserts are literature about the drug between manufacturer and FDA. What kind of information does this contain?

A

FDA approved for use
Contraindications
Warnings
Adverse reactions
Drug interactions
Dose and administration

55
Q

FDA requires manufacture to display black box warning in package insert. What is the purpose of this?

A

Draws attention to warnings for both prescriber and patient
-for serious safety concerns

56
Q

What are orphan drugs

A

Developed to treat rare medical conditions

57
Q

When are drugs recalled?

A

If there is reasonable probability that their use will have serious adverse health effects and or death

58
Q

What is the primary measuring system in pharmacy

A

The metric system
(mg, mL, L)

59
Q

Prescription format has 3 parts which include

A

Heading
Body
Closing

60
Q

What does the heading on a prescription include

A

-Name address phone of prescriber (printed)
-name address age phone of pt (written)
-date of prescription (not legal if no date)

61
Q

Body of a prescription includes

A

Name and dose size/concentration of drug
Amount to be dispensed
Directions to pt

62
Q

Closing of the prescription includes?

A

Prescribers signature
DEA # (if required)
Refill instructions

63
Q

Abbreviation: ‘q’ means

A

Every

64
Q

Abbreviation: ‘d’ means

A

Day

65
Q

qod means

A

Every other day

66
Q

hs means

A

At bedtime

67
Q

ac means

A

Before meals

68
Q

pc means

A

After meals

69
Q

prn means

A

As needed

70
Q

bid

A

Twice per day

71
Q

tid

A

Three times a day

72
Q

qid

A

Four times a day

73
Q

ud

A

As directed

74
Q

PO

A

By mouth

75
Q

Law requires all prescriptions be labeled with what

A

Name of medication and strength

Pharm (9 decks)

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