chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

The process of detecting environmental stimuli or stimuli arising from the body, responses to those stimuli and the transmission of responses to the brain

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2
Q

perception

A

The process of interpreting sensory information. - internal representation of stimuli

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3
Q

psychophysics

A

The study of relationships between the physical qualities of stimuli and the subjective responses they produce.

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4
Q

absolute threshold

A

The smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected.

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4
Q

difference threshold

A

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli.

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5
Q

sensory adaptation

A

The tendency to pay less attention to a nonchanging source of stimulation.

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6
Q

audition

A

The sense of hearing.

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7
Q

agnosia

A

Loss of the ability to identify objects using one or more senses

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8
Q

binocular cue

A

A depth cue that requires the use of both eyes.

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9
Q

bottom up processing

A

Perception based on building simple input into more complex perceptions.

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10
Q

top down processing

A

A perceptual process in which memory and other cognitive processes are required for interpreting incoming sensory information.

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11
Q

cochlea

A

The structure in the inner ear that contains auditory receptors.

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12
Q

cone

A

A photoreceptor in the retina that processes colour and fine detail.

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13
Q

cornea

A

The clear surface at the front of the eye that begins the process of directing light to the retina.

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14
Q

depth perception

A

The ability to use the two-dimensional image projected on the retina to perceive three dimensions.

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15
Q

difference threshold

A

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli.

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16
Q

fovea

A

An area of the retina that is specialized for highly detailed vision.

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17
Q

somatosensory homunculus

A

The body senses, including body position, touch, skin temperature, and pain.

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18
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

respond to mechanical distortion or pressure

19
Q

nociceptors

A
20
Q

gate control theory

A

The theory that suggests that input from touch fibres competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain.

21
Q

gustation

A

The sense of taste.

22
Q

gestalt principles

A
23
Q

iris

A

The brightly coloured circular muscle surrounding the pupil of the eye.

24
Q

lens

A

The clear structure behind the pupil that bends light toward the retina.

25
Q

monocular cue

A

A depth cue that requires the use of only one eye.

26
Q

motion parallax

A
27
Q

olfaction

A

The sense of smell.

28
Q

olfactory bulb

A

One of two structures below the frontal lobes of the brain that receive input from the olfactory receptors in the nose.
-brain center for smell

29
Q

olfactory nerve

A

A nerve carrying olfactory information from the olfactory receptors to the olfactory bulbs.

30
Q

opponent process theory

A

A theory of colour vision that suggests we have a red-green colour channel and a blue-yellow colour channel in which activation of one colour in each pair inhibits the other colour.

31
Q

optic nerve

A

The nerve exiting the retina of the eye.

32
Q

pupil

A

An opening formed by the iris.

33
Q

retina

A

Layers of visual processing cells in the back of the eye.

34
Q

retinal disparity

A

The difference between the images projected onto each eye.

35
Q

rod

A

A photoreceptor specialized to detect dim light.

36
Q

taste bud

A

A structure found in papillae that contains taste receptor cells.

37
Q

transduction

A

The translation of incoming sensory information into neural signals.
-process by which sensory receptors pass implses to connecting neurons when they receive stimulation

38
Q

trichromatic theory

A

A theory of colour vision based on the existence of different types of cones for the detection of short, medium, and long wavelengths.

39
Q

vestibular system

A

The system in the inner ear that provides information about body position and movement.

40
Q

vision

A

The sense that allows us to process reflected light.

41
Q

synesthesia

A

A condition where the stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to the simultaneous and automatic stimulation of another sensory pathway.

42
Q

temporal path (ventral stream)

A

The “what” visual pathway that extends from the occipital lobe into the temporal lobe.

43
Q

parietal path (dorsal stream)

A

The “where” visual pathway that extends from the occipital lobe into the parietal lobe.

44
Q

split brain

A
45
Q

contralateral organization

A

left hand and right hemisphere
right hand and left hemisphere

46
Q

signal detection theory

A

The analysis of sensory and decision-making processes in the detection of faint, uncertain stimuli.