Chapter 5

Question 1

Examples of Restricted and Available Stimulants

Answer 1

Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, Ephedrine, Khat, and Methylphenidate

Question 2

Physiological Effects of Stimulants

Answer 2

increased blood pressure and heart rate, loss of appetite, headache, nausea

Question 3

NTs affected by Cocaine

Answer 3

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin

Question 4

Routes of Administration of Cocaine

Answer 4

Ingestion, Injection, Inhalation, Smoking

Question 5

Withdrawal from Cocaine

Answer 5

Depression, Anxiety, cravings

Question 6

Where does cocaine come from

Answer 6

The Coca Plant which is native to the Andes Mountains of South America

Question 7

What are the leaves from the coca plant used for

Answer 7

The leaves are used to extract cocaine from the coca plant

Question 8

History of Cocaine

Answer 8

originally the leaves would be chewed to increase alertness in South American Natives climbing the Andes, 1855 Friedrich Gaedcke isolated cocaine from the leaves, 1884 marketed in America as a replacement for food, and render people insensitive to pain

Question 9

Cocaine and Racism

Answer 9

Cocaine’s use diminished due to racial associations, originally considered a rich white mans drug but when African Americans began to use it it was considered a criminal drug

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

Advocate for the recreational use of cocaine after trying it himself, promoted cocaine’s use as an anesthetic and a treatment for depression, fatigue, morphine addiction, etc. also used cocaine in his therapeutic practice as a way of helping his patients open up

Question 11

William Halsted

Answer 11

a founder of John’s Hopkins Hospital, performed the first nerve block using cocaine as an anesthetic, he was also a user of cocaine

Question 12

1914 Harrison Narcotics Act

Answer 12

regulated and taxed the importation and production of opiates and cocaine

Question 13

Cocaine Pharmacokinetics

Answer 13

Metabolized by Cytochrome P450, the different routes of administration affect the amount of cocaine that is absorbed into the bloodstream, speed of entry into brain from fastest to slowest smoked, injected, snorted, oral administration

Question 14

Antidrug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988

Answer 14

established a mandatory minimum sentence for specific amounts of cocaine law was expanded on in 1988 to impose a 5 year minimum sentence for possession of 5 grams of coke

Question 15

How does Cocaine act at the Synapse

Answer 15

blocks sodium channels in pain pathways and blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 16

areas of the brain affected by cocaine

Answer 16

basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens

Question 17

treatment for cocaine dependence

Answer 17

there is no current FDA approved medication for cocaine dependence but ibogaine and vaccines are being investigated

Question 18

what disorder can be treated with methamphetamine

Answer 18

ADHD

Question 19

What Schedule is methamphetamine

Answer 19

II

Question 20

NTs affected by methamphetamine

Answer 20

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

Question 21

slang for methamphetamine

Answer 21

meth, glass, ice, crystal meth, Tina, shards

Question 22

average high on cocaine vs methamphetamine

Answer 22

methamphetamine high makes users more unpredictable

Question 23

effects of methamphetamine

Answer 23

makes user’s body temperature rise, may feel anxious or confused, paranoia, affects judgement and irritability, angry outbursts or mood swings

Question 24

routes of administration for methamphetamine

Answer 24

ingestion, injection, inhalation, smoking

Question 25

speed kills refers to what drug

Answer 25

amphetamines

Question 26

what drug is referred to as a work pill in Japan

Answer 26

meth tablets

Question 27

effects of bath salts

Answer 27

paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, suicidal behavior, increased aggression and psychotic behavior

Question 28

what schedule are bath salts

Answer 28

Schedule I

Question 29

Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention act of 2012

Answer 29

classified synthetic substances under schedule I, placed synthetic in the most restricted category of substances

Question 30

stimulants

Answer 30

class of drug that activate the sympathetic nervous system and make people feel more alert, energetic, and euphoric

Question 31

coca paste

Answer 31

paste that is extracted from coca leaves and purified into coke base which is converted to cocaine

Question 32

Cocaine hydrochloride

Answer 32

contains a high concentration of cocaine that can be snorted or injected

Question 33

Vin Mariani

Answer 33

type of wine that contains 6.5 mg of cocaine

Question 34

freebase cocaine

Answer 34

contains a high concentration of cocaine that is smoked

Question 35

crack cocaine

Answer 35

a potent smokable form of cocaine with a quick and intense high

Question 36

Cocaethylene

Answer 36

combination of cocaine with alcohol

Question 37

methamphetamine

Answer 37

a stimulant that speeds up the CNS

Question 38

crystal meth

Answer 38

man-made substance chemically similar to methamphetamine that can be smoked, injected, snorted, or swallowed

Question 39

dopamine

Answer 39

NT that influences planning, decision making, and problem solving

Question 40

bath salts

Answer 40

psychoactive substances similar to khat,

Question 41

cathinones

Answer 41

the active ingredient in the leaves of a shrub native to East Africa

Question 42

Methylone

Answer 42

a member of the synthetic cathinone class

Question 43

mephedrone

Answer 43

a synthetic derivative of cathinone