Chapter 5 Flashcards
Examples of Restricted and Available Stimulants
Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, Ephedrine, Khat, and Methylphenidate
Physiological Effects of Stimulants
increased blood pressure and heart rate, loss of appetite, headache, nausea
NTs affected by Cocaine
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
Routes of Administration of Cocaine
Ingestion, Injection, Inhalation, Smoking
Withdrawal from Cocaine
Depression, Anxiety, cravings
Where does cocaine come from
The Coca Plant which is native to the Andes Mountains of South America
What are the leaves from the coca plant used for
The leaves are used to extract cocaine from the coca plant
History of Cocaine
originally the leaves would be chewed to increase alertness in South American Natives climbing the Andes, 1855 Friedrich Gaedcke isolated cocaine from the leaves, 1884 marketed in America as a replacement for food, and render people insensitive to pain
Cocaine and Racism
Cocaine’s use diminished due to racial associations, originally considered a rich white mans drug but when African Americans began to use it it was considered a criminal drug
Sigmund Freud
Advocate for the recreational use of cocaine after trying it himself, promoted cocaine’s use as an anesthetic and a treatment for depression, fatigue, morphine addiction, etc. also used cocaine in his therapeutic practice as a way of helping his patients open up
William Halsted
a founder of John’s Hopkins Hospital, performed the first nerve block using cocaine as an anesthetic, he was also a user of cocaine
1914 Harrison Narcotics Act
regulated and taxed the importation and production of opiates and cocaine
Cocaine Pharmacokinetics
Metabolized by Cytochrome P450, the different routes of administration affect the amount of cocaine that is absorbed into the bloodstream, speed of entry into brain from fastest to slowest smoked, injected, snorted, oral administration
Antidrug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988
established a mandatory minimum sentence for specific amounts of cocaine law was expanded on in 1988 to impose a 5 year minimum sentence for possession of 5 grams of coke
How does Cocaine act at the Synapse
blocks sodium channels in pain pathways and blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
areas of the brain affected by cocaine
basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens
treatment for cocaine dependence
there is no current FDA approved medication for cocaine dependence but ibogaine and vaccines are being investigated
what disorder can be treated with methamphetamine
ADHD
What Schedule is methamphetamine
II
NTs affected by methamphetamine
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
slang for methamphetamine
meth, glass, ice, crystal meth, Tina, shards
average high on cocaine vs methamphetamine
methamphetamine high makes users more unpredictable
effects of methamphetamine
makes user’s body temperature rise, may feel anxious or confused, paranoia, affects judgement and irritability, angry outbursts or mood swings
routes of administration for methamphetamine
ingestion, injection, inhalation, smoking
speed kills refers to what drug
amphetamines
what drug is referred to as a work pill in Japan
meth tablets
effects of bath salts
paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, suicidal behavior, increased aggression and psychotic behavior
what schedule are bath salts
Schedule I
Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention act of 2012
classified synthetic substances under schedule I, placed synthetic in the most restricted category of substances
stimulants
class of drug that activate the sympathetic nervous system and make people feel more alert, energetic, and euphoric
coca paste
paste that is extracted from coca leaves and purified into coke base which is converted to cocaine
Cocaine hydrochloride
contains a high concentration of cocaine that can be snorted or injected
Vin Mariani
type of wine that contains 6.5 mg of cocaine
freebase cocaine
contains a high concentration of cocaine that is smoked
crack cocaine
a potent smokable form of cocaine with a quick and intense high
Cocaethylene
combination of cocaine with alcohol
methamphetamine
a stimulant that speeds up the CNS
crystal meth
man-made substance chemically similar to methamphetamine that can be smoked, injected, snorted, or swallowed
dopamine
NT that influences planning, decision making, and problem solving
bath salts
psychoactive substances similar to khat,
cathinones
the active ingredient in the leaves of a shrub native to East Africa
Methylone
a member of the synthetic cathinone class
mephedrone
a synthetic derivative of cathinone
