Chapter 1

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

any chemical entity, other than those required for maintenance of normal health, the administration of alter biological function and structure

Question 2

psychoactive drug

Answer 2

any chemical that alters behavior, cognition, or emotion

Question 3

illicit drug

Answer 3

drugs that are currently illegal or heavily regulated

Question 4

licit drug

Answer 4

drugs that can be purchased legally without restrictions

Question 5

pharmacology

Answer 5

study of effects of drugs on living systems

Question 6

psychopharmacology

Answer 6

study of effects of drugs on behavior

Question 7

beneficial use

Answer 7

use that has positive health, social, or spiritual effects

Question 8

casual/nonproblematic use

Answer 8

recreational, casual use that has negligible effects

Question 9

problematic use

Answer 9

use that begins to have negative outcomes

Question 10

chronic dependence

Answer 10

use that has become habitual and compulsive despite negative health effects

Question 11

Instrumental licit

Answer 11

taking valium with a prescription for anxiety relief

Question 12

instrumental illicit

Answer 12

taking amphetamines without a prescription to help stay awake

Question 13

recreational licit

Answer 13

drinking alcohol at dinner to relax

Question 14

recreational illicit

Answer 14

smoking marijuana to get high

Question 15

protective factors

Answer 15

person’s choice to not use drugs (morals, fear, illegal, religion)

Question 16

risk factors

Answer 16

reasons people take drugs (genetics, health, stress, age, gender)

Question 17

What percent of the worlds population use illicit drugs?

Answer 17

5.5%

Question 18

What countries use the most opioids

Answer 18

Serbia, US, Nigeria, Australia, Iran

Question 19

What countries use the most prescription stimulants

Answer 19

US, Costa Rica, Brazil, New Zealand, Bolivia

Question 20

What countries use the most alcohol?

Answer 20

Moldova, Lithuania, Czechia, Seychelles, US

Question 21

What percent of the worlds are used in the US

Answer 21

65%

Question 22

What is the leading cause of death for 18-49 yr olds in the US?

Answer 22

Overdose

Question 23

What illicit drug is used the most by people over 12 in the US

Answer 23

E-cigarettes

Question 24

What drug is used by most high-school students

Answer 24

Marijuana

Question 25

How role does gender play in use

Answer 25

Males are more likely than females to use drugs

Question 26

What role does age play in drug use

Answer 26

ages 21-25 report the highest rate of illicit drug use

Question 27

What role does ethnicity play in drug use

Answer 27

Asians report the least drug use, followed by Hispanic and Latino, Whites, American Indians and Blacks, two or more races

Question 28

Schedule I

Answer 28

the most dangerous drugs with the highest potential for abuse and no medical use (heroin, marijuana, LSD, MDMA, peyote, GHB)

Question 29

Schedule II

Answer 29

High abuse potential with some medical use; may have severe restrictions on use (cocaine, PCP, methamphetamine, aderall, opium, morphine)

Question 30

Schedule III

Answer 30

medium potential for abuse with medical uses; abuse of these drugs can lead to low or moderate physical dependence but high psychological dependence (anabolic steroids, narcotic solutions, Vicodin, ketamine)

Question 31

Schedule IV

Answer 31

low abuse potential with medical use (benzodiazepines[valium,xanax, Ativan], prescription sleep aids)

Question 32

Schedule V

Answer 32

lowest abuse potential with medical uses (cough medicines, antidiarrheals)

Question 33

Depressants

Answer 33

depress the central nervous system activity leading to decreased physiological activity and sedation (alcohol, barbituates, sleep aids)

Question 34

Stimulants

Answer 34

stimulate the CNS leading to increases in physiological processes and motor behavior (cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines)

Question 35

Narcotics

Answer 35

drugs that are opium derivatives and/or bind to opiate receptors; relieve pain

Question 36

Analgesic

Answer 36

substances that relieve pain (codeine, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone)

Question 37

Hallucinogens

Answer 37

substances that alter perception/ consciousness (psychedelics[LSD, psilocybin], dissociatives[PCP, ketamine, salvia), delirants)

Question 38

Cannabinoids

Answer 38

complex behavioral aspects (marijuana)

Question 39

Drug Naming

Answer 39

upon discovery, a drug is given a chemical name, after a patent is applied for the drug is given a generic name and a brand name

Question 40

Chemical Name

Answer 40

described molecular structure of the drug

Question 41

generic name

Answer 41

official, nonproprietary designation

Question 42

trade name

Answer 42

proprietary, chosen by the manufacturer of the drug

Question 43

Monitoring the Future Survey

Answer 43

ongoing study of the behaviors, attitudes, and values of American Youth; 2020 results - Nicotine vaping has remained steady but is still high, Marijuana vaping remains study but daily use increased, Alcohol use declined, Amphetamines Inhalants and cough medicine misuse increased among 8th grader,

Question 44

How are new drugs developed?

Answer 44

Preclinical trials(up to 10 yrs) begins with drug discovery and moves to animal testing; an IND application is filed and if approved; Clinical trials (6-7yrs) Phase 1 safety is tested with 20-100 volunteers, Phase 2 efficacy is tested with 100-500 volunteers, Phase 3 more information is collected regarding safety, efficacy, interactions, and Pharmacokinetics with 1,000 or more volunteers; a NDA application is filed and if approved; FDA review (0.5-2yrs) the FDA the application, labeling and manufacturing; if the FDA approves the drug is released and postmarking monitoring occurs indefinitely