Chapter 5 Flashcards
atmosphere
the mixture of gases that extends from a planet’s surface and eventually merges with outer space; the gaseous region of Earth’s crust
Avogadro’s law
the gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and, therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount (mol): V ∝ n
barometer
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. most commonly, a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury
Boyle’s law
the gas law stating that, at constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the applied (external) pressure: V ∝ 1/P
Charles’ law
the gas law stating that, at constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature: V ∝ T
collision frequency
the average number of collisions per second that a particle undergoes
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
a gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases: Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + ….
diffusion
the movement of one fluid through another
effusion
the process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space
Graham’s law of effusion
a gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density (or molar mass): rate = 1/sqrt MM
ideal gas
a hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions
ideal gas law
an equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV = nRT
kinetic molecular theory
the model that explains macroscopic gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible
manometer
a device used to measure the pressure of a gas in a laboratory experimen
mean free path
the average distance a particle travels between collisions at a given temperature and pressure
