Chapter 3 Flashcards
actual yield
the amount of product actually obtained in a chemical reaction
Avogadro’s number
(6.022x10^23); a number equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12; the number of atoms, molecules or formula units in 1 mole of an element or a compound
balancing (stoichiometric) coefficient
a numerical multiplier of all the atoms in the formula immediately following it in a balanced chemical equation
chemical equation
a statement that uses chemical formulas to express the identities and quantities of the substance involved in a chemical or physical change
combustion analysis
a method for determining the formula of a compound from the amounts of its combustion products; used commonly for organic compounds
empirical formula
a chemical formula that shows the lowest relative number of atoms of each element in a compound
green chemistry
the field that is focused on developing methods to synthesize compounds efficiently and reduce or prevent the release of harmful products into the environment
isomer
one of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties, often as a result of different arrangements of atoms
limiting reactant
the reactant that is consumed when a reaction occurs and, therefore, the one that determines the maximum amount of product that can form
molar mass
the mass of 1 mol of entities of a substance in units of g/mol
mole (mol)
the SI base unit for amount of a substance; equal to avogadros number
molecular formula
a formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
overall (net) equation
a chemical equation that is the sum of two or more balanced sequential equations in which a product of one becomes a reactant for the next
percent yield
the actual yield of a reaction expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield
side reaction
an undesired chemical reaction that consumes some of the reactant and reduces the overall yield of the desired product
