chapter 5

Question 1

cuban revolution

Answer 1

• 1959, castro overthrew batista
• removed us capitalist companies from cuba for independence
• usa banned import of cuban sugar, threatened the economy

Question 2

soviet relations with cuba

Answer 2

• khrushchev bought cuban sugar
• sent weapons to cuba in 1959/60
• sept 1960, khrushchev openly promises to send castro military support
• wanted to challenge jfk after failing to reunite berlin

Question 3

bay of pigs

Answer 3

• april 1961 (jfk)
• in 1960 eisenhower armed cuban exiles who were trained by the cia
• la brigada 2506 (spent 46mil), 1500 men
• attacked on april 15, 100 of la brigada dead and 1.1k imprisoned by the 19th

Question 4

reasons the invasion failed

Answer 4

• cia failed to understand castro’s popularity
• castro was aware of the invasion
• us decided not to attack the cuban airforce, who ended up sinking us ships

Question 5

significance of the invasion

Answer 5

• castro had been losing support due to the economy, but gained popularity due to the failure of the invasion
• united the cubans, while usa lost support
• 1961, castro declares conversion to communism
• end of 1961, soviet advisers and combat units stationed on cuba
• spread of communism

Question 6

military build-up in cuba

Answer 6

• supplies sent to cuba throughout 1962
• ballistic missiles installed
• october 14, u-2 spy plane takes pictures of irbm bases in cuba
• serious threat to the usa

Question 7

cuban missile crisis

Answer 7

• 13 days between pictures of missile bases and the decision to dismantle them
• 16-28 october 1962
• jfk considered how to attack cuba, or to leave them alone
• naval blockade placed around cuba to stop delivery of weapons
• airforce numbers + polaris submarines
• jfk made a speech on 22 october

Question 8

october crisis

Answer 8

22 - kennedys speech
24 - soviet ships approaching cuba turned around, jfk demanded missiles were removed, otherwise he would invade cuba
26 - khrushchev sent a letter, missiles would be removed if blockade removed/no cuban invasion
27 - khrushchev sent another letter, would remove missiles if usa removed missiles in turkey, u2 spy plane shot down over cuba
28 - jfk accepted terms of the first letter, if soviets didn’t respond by 29th then they would invade cuba, khrushchev accepted the offer

Question 9

consequences of the crisis

Answer 9

• increased rivalry
• soviet politicians thought khrushchev had been humiliated (mao zedong)
• contributed to khrushchevs removal as leader in 1962
• telephone hotline set up
• limited test ban treaty 1963 (no testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere)
• outer space treaty 1967 (no weapons to be placed in orbit)
• nuclear non-proliferation treaty 1968 (stop the spread of nuclear weapons
• usa sold grain to the ussr in 1963 after bad harvests