chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
refugees in berlin
A
- 1949-1961, about 4 million east germans fled to the west through berlin
- they were dissatisfied with collectivisation, shortage of goods + no more private trading
- 200k a month were leaving by jan 1961, lots of intellectuals + skilled craftsmen
2
Q
berlin ultimatum
A
1958, khrushchev accused the allies of breaking the potsdam agreement and demanded that they leave berlin in the next 6 months
3
Q
paris summit
A
- 5 may 1960, ussr shot down u2 plane near sverdlovsk
- pilot captured and put on trial
- eisenhower refused to apologise
- summit was meant to be on the 14th, but it was cancelled
4
Q
vienna summit
A
- started 4 june 1961
- khrushchev asked for western forces to leave west berlin again
- he said he would make a treaty with east germany to end all occupation rights
- kennedy refused, increased military spending by 3.5 billion, ussr increased by 30%
5
Q
berlin wall
A
august 1961, west did nothing to stop the ussr
6
Q
impact of wall for us-soviet relations
A
- 27/28 october 1961
- americans stationed troops on western side of checkpoint charlie
- soviets placed tanks on eastern side
- both promised that they would remove their forces, ending the standoff
7
Q
impact of berlin wall for germans
A
- made escape very difficult (tunnelling, swimming, climbing, jumping out of windows etc)
- peace maintained
- families were split up
8
Q
kennedy’s visit
A
- june 1963
- wall became a symbol of tensions
- kennedy visited west germany, spoke to a crowd of 200k people
- 1.5 million on the streets
9
Q
end of the berlin crisis
A
- khrushchev felt he beat kennedy with the wall
- refugee/economic crisis slowed down
- crisis ended and tension eased
