chapter 2

Question 1

truman doctrine

Answer 1

• 1947
• containment policy
• wanted to use this + atomic bomb + economic strength to stop expansion

Question 2

greece

Answer 2

• civil war in greece since 1944
• britain stationed 40k troops there and in turkey to help the royalist government against the communists
• 1947, usa stepped in with financial support
• marked a turning point for a us as they didn’t get involved in european affairs

Question 3

consequences of the truman doctrine

Answer 3

• greeks won against the communists
• rivalry between us and ussr increased
• usa committed to containment
• usa provided economic aid to europe (marshall plan)
• cominform set up in 1947

Question 4

marshall plan

Answer 4

• june 1947
• introduced so that european countries wouldn’t have to turn to communism after suffering during ww2
• usa offered money, equipment and goods to european countries

Question 5

consequences of the marshall plan

Answer 5

countries recovered by 1953

• rivalry increased
• stalin accused usa of acting out of self interest

Question 6

cominform

Answer 6

• 1947
• coordinated communist parties throughout europe
• ensured eastern european states would follow soviet style policies

Question 7

comecon

Answer 7

• 1949
• intended for the ussr to support eastern european countries financially
• soviets used it to control economies and give them access to their resources + encourage economic specialisation

Question 8

long term causes of the berlin crisis

Answer 8

• soviet union unsuccessfully tried to secure communist control of the berlin city council but were stopped by socialists supported by the west
• west wanted to speed up economic recovery of germany but ussr didn’t in order to prevent a future attack
• stalin didn’t want the allies inside of berlin so that they didn’t influence capitalism

Question 9

short term causes of the berlin crisis

Answer 9

• free elections were set up in western zones of berlin
• new currency introduced in west germany
• january 1947 - us and british zones merged and formed bizonia

Question 10

24th june 1948

Answer 10

stalin cut off road/rail/canals to starve west berlin because he thought the west were interfering in the soviet zone, trying to force them to pull out of their sectors

Question 11

the berlin airlift

Answer 11

• 28 june 1948
• lasted for 10 months
• allies airlifted supplies from berlin
• 4600 tons of supplies a day by september
• truman sent atomic bombs to britain
• tried to convince people to move from east to west
• peaked in april 1949
• blockade called off on 12 may 1949

Question 12

nato

Answer 12

set up in 1949 to prevent soviet expansion

Question 13

consequences of nato

Answer 13

• rivalry increased + arms race intensified
• usa committed to defence of eastern europe
• stalin believed it was aimed at the ussr
• warsaw pact set up in 1955
• usa set up missile bases in western europe.