Chapter 4C Flashcards
What are systematic tissues?
These are every other tissues for example capillaries that are not an area of gas exchange or respiratory structure.
Why is gas exchange necessary?
O2 is consumed to produce ATP and CO2, O2 is produce and CO2 is consumed during photosynthesis, pH regulation occurs by CO2 regulation and the formation of carbonic acid.
What is ventilation?
Bringing external air into the body this occurs by bulk flow which is able to bring air long distances inside the body.
How does diffusion of gas occur?
The O2 diffuses into the lungs then into the blood and the CO2 diffuses into the lungs.
What is a single circuit?
Where the oxygenated blood is brought directly to the systematic capillaries.
What is the double circuit?
The oxygenated blood go from area of gas exchange such as the lungs, to the heart, to the rest of the body. The oxygen is then passed to the cells however the CO2 takes a different route from the cells, to the blood, to the lungs, and is then expelled.
How does breathing occur?
Through the bulk flow between the respiratory medium such as air/water and the gas exchanging surface - diffusion is too slow.
What happens when the pressure increases?
The volume decreases because the air is expelled to an area of lower pressure which is out and the diaphragm contracts.
What happens when the pressure decreases?
The volume increases because the air is expelled to an area of higher pressure which is in and the diaphragm expands.
Does surface area increase proportionally to body mass?
No
What do organisms with a higher metabolic rate lead to?
A larger surface area.
Why are external respiratory structures allowed?
They are surrounded by water and the gas exchanges with the environment.
What is an alveoli?
These are pockets where gas exchange occur and increase the surface area.
What does a high rate of diffusion require?
A large surface area
What does the compartmentalization of the lungs lead to?
A high surface area
