Chapter 47: Digestive System Flashcards
What is feeding?
eating food
What is ingestion?
feeding method used to take food into the digestive cavity
What is digestion?
breaking down food into chemical subunits for abosorption
What is absorption?
food being brought into cells of the organism via subunits
What is a calorie?
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1 degree C
kcal per gram of carbohydrates?
4.2
kcal per gram of fats?
9.5
kcal per gram of proteins?
4.1
Some examples of malnutition?
undernutrition and overnutrition
What order do mammals use for energy storage?
1) stored fats and glycogen
2) proteins
What are essential nutrients?
certain molecules that need to be obtained in the diet bc they cannot by synthesized
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, leucine, lysine, and histidine
Where can you get the 9 essential amino acids and what are the results of a deficiency?
can get from meat, eggs, fish, cheese, and milk
deficiency can lead to ineffective protein synthesis
How many known human required vitamins are there?
13
Which are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What are the 3 trace minerals?
I, Fe, Zn
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
linoleic acid and linolenic acid
What are the 5 steps in digestion?
1) mechanical processing
2) secretion of enzymes and other digestive aids
3) enzymatic hydrolysis
4) absorption
5) elimination
What are the 4 major layers of the gut?
1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis
4) serosa
What is secreted by chief cells?
pepsinogen
What is secreted by parietal cells?
HCl
How does pepsinogen become pepsin?
HCL lowers pH and allows for conversion
What bacteria causes stomach ulcers?
helicobacter pylori
Where does the pancreas secrete enzymes into?
duedenum
