Chapter 20: Evolution Flashcards
Who are the two people who developed the concepts of evolution?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
What is Aristotle’s Great Chain of Being?
created a organizational hierarchy of complex to simple things
What is natural theology?
Aristotle’s Great Chain of Being with God at the top
What is Carolus Linnaeus known for?
taxonomy, used binomial nomenclature (genus and species) to classify organisms
What is biogeography?
Some species found in similar habitats in different areas resembled each other
What is Georges Cuvier known for?
founder of paleobiology, developed theory of catastrophism, looked at layers of fossils to find organisms of the past
What is Jean Baptiste de Lamarck known for?
biological evolution based on:
1) use and disuse
2) inheritance of acquired characteristics
What are Lamarck’s 4 ideas that were used by Darwin?
Which concept is not supported by Darwin?
True:
1) All species change through time
2) New characteristics are passed from one generation to the next
3) Organisms change in response to their environments
4) Specific mechanisms caused evolutionary change
False:
change occurs within an organism
What is James Hutton known for?
gradualism, slow continuous process caused earth’s physical features. earth has been here a long time
What is Charles Lyell known for?
uniformitarianism, same major events that occur today on earth (volcanoes) occurred in the past
no catastrophes
What is natural selection?
the process of certain hereditary traits enabled some individuals to survive and reproduce more than others, then those traits would become more common in the next generation
What are the 4 characteristics of Darwin’s Theory?
- The origins of biological diversity can be explained by
purely physical processes - Evolutionary change occurs in groups of organisms,
rather than in individuals - Evolution is a multistage process occurring over generations
- Evolution occurs because some organisms function better than others in a particular environment
What are the 2 types of evolutionary change? difference? what is our focus on?
microevolution: genetics, responds to environment, what we focus on
macroevolution: accumulation of microevolutionary
changes, large-scale
What allows for the expression of limbs?
unequal expression of Hoxc6 and Hoxc8 genes
Does evolution have a goal?
nope, just responds to the environment
