chapter 46 - diabetes

Question 1

what is diabetes type 1 and what causes it

Answer 1

absence and destruction of beta cells in the pancreas

Question 2

what is diabetes type 2 and what causes it

Answer 2

inadequate production of insulin

Question 3

Why would a patient with type 1 diabetes experience hunger, even though the patient is eating large amounts of food?

Answer 3

cells cannot use the blood glucose without insulin

Question 4

why is a patient with diabetes type 1 at risk for cardiovascular disorders?

Answer 4

increased fatty acids from the liver

Question 5

how and why does “hyperglycemia” occur in a diabetic related to glycogen stores.

Answer 5

when insulin secretion is inadequate, glycogen is converted to glucose in an attempt to nourish glucose starved tissues, hyperglycemia occurs because cells cannot use the glucose.

Question 6

how would a nurse respond to a patient with diabetes who is having difficulty coping with the disease?

Answer 6

open ended questions, why do they feel it is making their life difficult.

Question 7

what is a hemoglobin A1C and what does it measure?

Answer 7

last 2 to 3 months and it is the most accurate test.

Question 8

what should a nurse do if a patient has a low fasting blood sugar at 6 am in the morning?

Answer 8

give hem some orange juice

Question 9

what is “diabetic ketoacidosis” and what does it result in?

Answer 9

its a dangerous condition, type 1 more frequently, results in a disorder of the metabolism of carbs, fats and proteins. ketone bodies are produced.

Question 10

early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 10

anorexia, headache and fatigue

Question 11

if a patient is admitted to a hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis, what should the patients vital signs show?

Answer 11

tachycardia, elevated pulse and respirations, hypothermia

Question 12

how does exercise affect a type 1 diabetic, regarding the patient having hypoglycemia

Answer 12

exercise shortly after eating or have a small snack before eating if you serum glucose is less than 100mg/dL

Question 13

what would a nurse teach on discharge planning, regarding exercise for a type 1 diabetic?

Answer 13

exercise at the same time everyday with the same intensity

Question 14

if a nurse is drawing up two different insulin into the same syringe, what is the procedure?

Answer 14

clear to cloudy, intermediate always cloudy.

Question 15

signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 15

weakness, pallor, hunger, diaphoresis

Question 16

if a patient has a fasting blood glucose of 135, would the nurse recommend testing for diabetes?

Answer 16

yes 70-120 is normal

Question 17

If a patient was taking birth control pills and was on “Avandia” what caution would the nurse teach on?

Answer 17

use another method of birth control

Question 18

when a patient with type 1 diabetes, who is insulin dependent, is scheduled for a lab draw ( NPO prior to draw) what would the nurse do with the insulin dosage due for the patient?

Answer 18

hold it until after the draw.

Question 19

if a patient admits to the nurse that they are not compliant with their diabetic diet, how should the nurse respond?

Answer 19

show them suggested meal plans, talk about previous eating habits, figure out what they are doing incorrectly

Question 20

how would a nurse explain to a type 1 diabetic why their 7am insulin was changed to 70/30 premixed insulin. how would that medication change benefit the patient?

Answer 20

easier to prepare and decreased the risk of errors.

Question 21

know what a nurse would include in a diabetes teaching plan regarding exercise?

Answer 21

regular exercise helps control blood glucose levels

Question 22

what a patient diagnosed with endogenous hypoglycemia would have?

Answer 22

excessive secretion of insulin

Question 23

when Humulin R insulin peaks?

Answer 23

2 hours