chapter 46 - diabetes Flashcards
what is diabetes type 1 and what causes it
absence and destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
what is diabetes type 2 and what causes it
inadequate production of insulin
Why would a patient with type 1 diabetes experience hunger, even though the patient is eating large amounts of food?
cells cannot use the blood glucose without insulin
why is a patient with diabetes type 1 at risk for cardiovascular disorders?
increased fatty acids from the liver
how and why does “hyperglycemia” occur in a diabetic related to glycogen stores.
when insulin secretion is inadequate, glycogen is converted to glucose in an attempt to nourish glucose starved tissues, hyperglycemia occurs because cells cannot use the glucose.
how would a nurse respond to a patient with diabetes who is having difficulty coping with the disease?
open ended questions, why do they feel it is making their life difficult.
what is a hemoglobin A1C and what does it measure?
last 2 to 3 months and it is the most accurate test.
what should a nurse do if a patient has a low fasting blood sugar at 6 am in the morning?
give hem some orange juice
what is “diabetic ketoacidosis” and what does it result in?
its a dangerous condition, type 1 more frequently, results in a disorder of the metabolism of carbs, fats and proteins. ketone bodies are produced.
early signs of diabetic ketoacidosis?
anorexia, headache and fatigue
if a patient is admitted to a hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis, what should the patients vital signs show?
tachycardia, elevated pulse and respirations, hypothermia
how does exercise affect a type 1 diabetic, regarding the patient having hypoglycemia
exercise shortly after eating or have a small snack before eating if you serum glucose is less than 100mg/dL
what would a nurse teach on discharge planning, regarding exercise for a type 1 diabetic?
exercise at the same time everyday with the same intensity
if a nurse is drawing up two different insulin into the same syringe, what is the procedure?
clear to cloudy, intermediate always cloudy.
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
weakness, pallor, hunger, diaphoresis
if a patient has a fasting blood glucose of 135, would the nurse recommend testing for diabetes?
yes 70-120 is normal
If a patient was taking birth control pills and was on “Avandia” what caution would the nurse teach on?
use another method of birth control
when a patient with type 1 diabetes, who is insulin dependent, is scheduled for a lab draw ( NPO prior to draw) what would the nurse do with the insulin dosage due for the patient?
hold it until after the draw.
if a patient admits to the nurse that they are not compliant with their diabetic diet, how should the nurse respond?
show them suggested meal plans, talk about previous eating habits, figure out what they are doing incorrectly
how would a nurse explain to a type 1 diabetic why their 7am insulin was changed to 70/30 premixed insulin. how would that medication change benefit the patient?
easier to prepare and decreased the risk of errors.
know what a nurse would include in a diabetes teaching plan regarding exercise?
regular exercise helps control blood glucose levels
what a patient diagnosed with endogenous hypoglycemia would have?
excessive secretion of insulin
when Humulin R insulin peaks?
2 hours
