Cardiac Flashcards
When we perform a test with contrast ( angiogram) what is a significant question to ask the patient?
do you have allergies to shellfish and iodine
What is another name for a ventricular gallop and in what situation could this be a normal finding?
S3 - normal in children and young adults
what is another name for atrial gallop? is this ever a normal finding
S4 - it is not ever normal
Modifiable risk factors for coronary disease
exercise, smoking, obesity, lower BP, lipids and blood sugar
Non-modifiable risk factors for coronary disease
hereditary, age, gender and race
why would we perform a stress test, what would we be evaluating?
shows ischemia, changes in the EKG during exercise
why would we perform a TEE (transesophogeal echocardiogram
look at the back of the heart
what does fibrous plaque of arterial sclerosis serve as?
a trap for substances, its like a sticky area that makes a clot
Nursing diagnosis for patient with CHF JVD and dyspnea?
excessive fluid volume
who most commonly gets malignant hypertension?
African American men
nurse auscultating and hears a heart murmur. what does that indicate?
valves aren’t working properly
How does walking help venous vascular disorders?
it massages the blood back up the legs
what kind of precautions for people on anticoagulants
bleeding, tea colored urine, hematuria
when a patient comes back from a cardiac cath what do you watch for?
bleeding - monitor vital signs
what do you teach your patient about a stress test
non invasive, constantly monitor heart and BP, NPO 2 hr before, no caffeine 24 hours before
chest pain more severe, more frequent and occurs at rest
unstable angina
chest pain that occurs during exercise and rest makes it go away
stable angina
A rub indicates
pericardial inflammation
murmurs indicate
valves not closing properly
desired cholesterol levels for a patient with CAD?
HDL > 40
LDL < 100
Trig < 150
adverse effects of amiodarone?
dysrhythmias, blurred vision, tremors, headache
expected action of lasix
increased urine output
darkening around shins and ankles, blood cells seeping into tissues, poor venous return
stasis dermatitis
calf pain when walking, circulatory issue
claudication
cap refill under 3 seconds tells us?
blood is perfusing
what is the homans maneuver
asses for calf pain - can indicate a blood clot
venous stasis ulcer characteristics
red, lots of drainage, painless, located ankles shins calves
arteriol ulcers
farther down, toes and feet
signs and symptoms of arterial occlusion
absence of pulse, cold, numb, cyanosis
risk factors for varicose veins
obesity, jobs on feet, pregnancy and age
prehypertension vs hypertension
pre 120-139 or 80-90
hypertension 140-159 or 90-99
COPD and asthma patients should not take which class of antihypertensive drugs
beta blockers
what are some assessments the nurse should perform on a patient we may suspect has vascular disease peripherally?
pulse, pallor, peristhesia, pain, poklio thermia
hommans sign
flex feet and knees - positive sign is calf pain
important teaching for patient with mitral stenosis
avoid overhydrating.
