ch 14 blueprint

Question 1

what area of the kidney is involved in reabsorption?

Answer 1

tubules

Question 2

if reabsorption in the tubules becomes less than normal, would you expect urine to become more concentrated or less concentrated?

Answer 2

more concentrated

Question 3

in what way would fluid overload affect weight?

Answer 3

gain

Question 4

in what way would fluid overload affect breathing patterns/lung sounds? and why

Answer 4

crackles, dyspnea, pulmonary edema

Question 5

in what way would fluid overload affect blood pressure?

Answer 5

increased

Question 6

what fluids primarily carry nutrients and waste throughout the body?

Answer 6

extracellular

Question 7

when electrolytes break down into smaller particles and are dissolved they are called?

Answer 7

ions

Question 8

what is the type of transport that is responsible for oxygen moving from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries and vessels to capillaries?

Answer 8

diffusion

Question 9

definition of diffusion

Answer 9

random movement of particles in all directions, natural tendency is for a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 10

examples of electrolytes

Answer 10

sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, bicarbonate, potassium

Question 11

what process is utilized to help our bodies move water/fluids among the compartments in our body?

Answer 11

osmosis

Question 12

why would we want to watch urine output very closely when administering IV potassium

Answer 12

could develop hyperkalemia if urine output is low

Question 13

can IV potassium be administered IV push

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what is the most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 14

potassium

Question 15

what is considered a significant symptom of hyperkalemia

Answer 15

irregular heartbeat, dysrhythmias

Question 16

what electrolyte imbalance is kidney disease associated with?

Answer 16

potassium

Question 17

what is hyperchloremia often associated with?

Answer 17

metabolic acidosis

Question 18

what lab test may we want to check if someone has very high chloride levels?

Answer 18

serum electrolytes

Question 19

what is an early indicator of dehydration in an older adult?

Answer 19

constipation

Question 20

the sympathetic nervous system, hormones and the thirst center influence tow organ systems that are the main monitors for fluid balance. what are those systems?

Answer 20

circulatory and renal

Question 21

the chief extracellular cation is

Answer 21

sodium

Question 22

what part of the kidney performs reabsorption?

Answer 22

tubules

Question 23

in which process do the kidneys excrete waste

Answer 23

filtration

Question 24

why do we become thirsty

Answer 24

too much sodium. deficient fluid volume, dehydration, hypovolemia

Question 25

uf a patient has a pH of 7.18 and their paCO2 is normal, what kind of acid base imbalance is present?

Answer 25

metabolic acidosis

Question 26

what is a potentially serious complication of hypokalemia

Answer 26

cardiac complications - fatal heart rhythms.

Question 27

what are some interventions we could expect for someone who is hypervolemic?

Answer 27

reduce iv fluid rate

Question 28

what are some things we should not do or educate the patient not to do

Answer 28

lower sodium

Question 29

if a patient has metabolic acidosis why would deep breathing exercises be an effective intervention?

Answer 29

retain paC02