ch 14 blueprint Flashcards
what area of the kidney is involved in reabsorption?
tubules
if reabsorption in the tubules becomes less than normal, would you expect urine to become more concentrated or less concentrated?
more concentrated
in what way would fluid overload affect weight?
gain
in what way would fluid overload affect breathing patterns/lung sounds? and why
crackles, dyspnea, pulmonary edema
in what way would fluid overload affect blood pressure?
increased
what fluids primarily carry nutrients and waste throughout the body?
extracellular
when electrolytes break down into smaller particles and are dissolved they are called?
ions
what is the type of transport that is responsible for oxygen moving from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries and vessels to capillaries?
diffusion
definition of diffusion
random movement of particles in all directions, natural tendency is for a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
examples of electrolytes
sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, bicarbonate, potassium
what process is utilized to help our bodies move water/fluids among the compartments in our body?
osmosis
why would we want to watch urine output very closely when administering IV potassium
could develop hyperkalemia if urine output is low
can IV potassium be administered IV push
no
what is the most abundant intracellular cation
potassium
what is considered a significant symptom of hyperkalemia
irregular heartbeat, dysrhythmias
what electrolyte imbalance is kidney disease associated with?
potassium
what is hyperchloremia often associated with?
metabolic acidosis
what lab test may we want to check if someone has very high chloride levels?
serum electrolytes
what is an early indicator of dehydration in an older adult?
constipation
the sympathetic nervous system, hormones and the thirst center influence tow organ systems that are the main monitors for fluid balance. what are those systems?
circulatory and renal
the chief extracellular cation is
sodium
what part of the kidney performs reabsorption?
tubules
in which process do the kidneys excrete waste
filtration
why do we become thirsty
too much sodium. deficient fluid volume, dehydration, hypovolemia
uf a patient has a pH of 7.18 and their paCO2 is normal, what kind of acid base imbalance is present?
metabolic acidosis
what is a potentially serious complication of hypokalemia
cardiac complications - fatal heart rhythms.
what are some interventions we could expect for someone who is hypervolemic?
reduce iv fluid rate
what are some things we should not do or educate the patient not to do
lower sodium
if a patient has metabolic acidosis why would deep breathing exercises be an effective intervention?
retain paC02
