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Med Surg 1 (term 4) > Chapter 45 > Flashcards

Chapter 45 Flashcards

1
Q

What plays an important role in regulation of endocrine hormones and secreting hormones into the bloodstream?

A

The pituitary gland

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2
Q

The endocrine system involves the release of chemical transmitter substance is known as what?

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

A

Exophthalmos

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4
Q

What test may be used to measure the amount of hormones or the end products of hormone excreted by the kidneys

A

Urine test

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5
Q

What test is used to confirm hypo function of an endocrine organ?

A

Stimulation test

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6
Q

What test is used to detect hyper function of the endocrine organ?

A

Suppression test

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7
Q

What hormone is essential for growth and development? 

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)

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8
Q

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolarity levels 

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

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9
Q

Which hormone regulates growth in children and energy and metabolism in adults?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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10
Q

Group of systems produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Characterized by; truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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11
Q

A disorder caused by excessive amounts of GH in adults. Results in enlargement of peripheral body parts and soft tissue

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

Insufficient secretion of GH during childhood can result in generalized limited growth and pituitary what

A

Dwarfism

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13
Q

A rare disorder that occurs due to injury to hypothalamus or pituitary gland with deficiency of ADH that results in excretion of large volumes of dilute urine and extreme thirst

A

Diabetes insipidus

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14
Q

Chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest is called

A

Basal metabolic rate

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15
Q

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysectomy

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16
Q

What is the primary etiology for diabetes insipidus

A

Head trauma

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17
Q

Why can’t fluids be restricted when treating diabetes insipidus?

A

Attempting to restrict fluids causes the patient to crave fluid and develop hypernatremia and severe dehydration

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18
Q

What is the drug of choice for diabetes insipidus? Can be given orally or intranasally 

A

Desmopressin

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19
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

Thyroid gland

20
Q

What three hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

21
Q

What is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones?

A

Iodine

22
Q

Normal thyroid hormone production is called?

A

Euthyroid

23
Q

This hormone is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium and it reduces the plasma level of calcium by increasing its deposition in bone

A

Calcitonin

24
Q

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone manifested by a greatly increased metabolic rate?

A

Hyperthyroidism

25
Q

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones is usually associated with an enlarged thyroid gland that is also called?

A

Goiter 

26
Q

How do you assess the thyroid gland?

A

The patient is instructed to extend the neck slightly and swallow.
Thyroid tissue rises normally with swallowing

27
Q

If an enlarged thyroid gland is palpable what happens next?

A

The thyroid gland is auscultated using the diaphragm of the stethoscope.
Auscultation identifies audible vibrations of bruits 

28
Q

What is an increase blood flow through the thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism?

A

Bruit

29
Q

Deficit of thyroid hormone is called?

A

Hypothyroidism

30
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults?

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis ( the immune system attacks the thyroid gland) 

31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Fatigue
weight gain
cold intolerance
dry skin
deepening of the voice

32
Q

In adequate ventilation and sleep apnea can occur with severe what

A

Hypothyroidism

33
Q

This, is a rare life-threatening condition with severe?
The patient becomes hypothermic an unconscious

A

Myxedema

34
Q

Patients who are in myxedema coma may experience?

A

Hyponatremia hypoglycemia hypoventilation hypotension bradycardia hypothermia

35
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism

A

Synthetic levothyroxine

36
Q

What is an auto immune disorder that results from an excessive amount of thyroid glands caused by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulins

A

Graves’ disease

37
Q

What disease may present with exophthalmos and may exhibit reduce blinking and lid retraction

A

Graves’ disease

38
Q

If hypothyroidism is severe and left untreated what complications may occur

A

Myocardial hypertrophy
heart failure

39
Q

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Exopthalmos
Increase in appetite
diarrhea
weight loss
thin skin
goiter
fine tremors
sweating

40
Q

What is the most common form of treatment for Graves’ disease

A

Radioactive iodine

41
Q

What are common treatments of hyperthyroidism

A

Anti-thyroid agents
radioactive iodine
surgery

42
Q

Radioactive iodine is contraindicated during what?

A

Pregnancy

43
Q

Form of severe hyperthyroidism usually abrupt onset. Almost always fatal if left untreated. Manifested by cardiac arrhythmias, fever, and neurologic impairment

A

Thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)

44
Q

Anti-thyroid medications are taken when?
(Thionamides)

A

Take medication 30 minutes before eating in the AM

45
Q

The most common type of goiter that occurs when iodine intake is deficient

A

Simple or colloid goiter

46
Q

Formation of stones in one of the kidneys

A

Nephrolithiasis

47
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function

A

Addison’s disease

Med Surg 1 (term 4) (9 decks)

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