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Med Surg 1 (term 4) > Chapter 41 > Flashcards

Chapter 41 Flashcards

1
Q

Fewer than 3 bowel movements weekly
Or bowel movements that are hard, dry, small or difficult to pass

A

Constipation

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2
Q

What group of people are more likely to become constipated?

A

Women
Pregnant women
Pts who recently had surgery

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3
Q

What is important for bowel health because it increases the bulk of stool, easing its passage

A

Fiber

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4
Q

A term used to describe pelvic floor dysfunction and constipation

A

Anismus

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5
Q

Ineffective or sometimes painful straining and urge to eliminate feces

A

Tenesmus

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6
Q

A pressure study may be performed to assess malfunction of the sphincter this is called?

A

Anorectal manometry

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7
Q

What 3 things can be used to evaluate constipation?

A

X-ray
Colonoscopy
Lower GI endoscopy

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8
Q

Forceful exhaling with the glottis closed?
Usually due to straining on the toilet

A

Valsalva maneuver

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9
Q

Normal or abnormal folds, grooves, or cracks in the body tissue?

A

Fissures

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10
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritonitis

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11
Q

Dilated and atonic colon caused by a fecal mass that obstructs the passage of colon contents, this is called?

A

Megacolon

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12
Q

Symptoms of megacolon are?

A

Constipation
Liquid fecal incontinence
Abdominal distention

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13
Q

When should you attempt to defecate?

A

After a meal and warm drink

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14
Q

Effective therapy for pts with dyssynergic defecation.
Considered first line of therapy

A

Biofeedback

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15
Q

What is the daily dietary fiber intake?

A

25g to 30g/ day

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16
Q

What are generally not recommended for treating constipation unless other meds have failed?

A

Enemas
Rectal suppositories

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17
Q

Why should you avoid overuse or long term use of laxatives?

A

It can make the pt more constipated

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18
Q

Increased frequency of bowel movements (more than 3 per day) with altered consistency of stool?

A

Diarrhea

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19
Q

What type of drugs can cause diarrhea?

A

Antibiotics
Magnesium containing antacids

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20
Q

Voluminous, greasy stools suggest what?

A

Intestinal malabsorption

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21
Q

Presence of blood, mucous, and pus in the stools suggests?

A

Inflammatory enteritis
Colitis

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22
Q

Oil droplets in the toilet water may suggest?

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

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23
Q

Nocturnal diarrhea may be manifestation of what?

A

Diabetic neuropathy

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24
Q

What is the most common complication of diarrhea?

A

Dehydration

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25
Q

Dehydration with electrolyte loss may cause what?

A

Cardiac arrhythmias

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26
Q

Loss of bicarbonate with diarrhea can lead too?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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27
Q

Older pts can become dehydrated from diarrhea causing what?

A

Hypokalemia

28
Q

What type of med may be prescribed to reduce the severity of diarrhea?

A

Antidiarrheal agent
(EX: loperamide)

29
Q

External device that has a special rectal pouch that are drainable eliminating feces to skin contact

A

Fecal incontinence collectors

30
Q

Chronic function disorder by recurrent abdominal pain associated with disordered bowel movements which includes diarrhea, constipation, or both

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

31
Q

IBS is more common in what group of people?

A

Women younger than 45 yo

32
Q

What is used to evaluate bowel movement habits and characteristics of stool?

A

Bristol Stool Form Scale

33
Q

Disorder of malabsorption caused by autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain protein gluten

A

Celiac disease

34
Q

What are the 2 major complications of appendicitis?

A

Gangrene
Perforation of the appendix

35
Q

Saclike herniation of the lining of the bowel that extends through a defect of the muscle layer

A

Diverticulum

36
Q

Diverticulosis is typically diagnosed by what?

A

Colonoscopy

37
Q

What is the recommended fluid intake per day?

A

2 L/ day

38
Q

Decompression of the bowel through insertion of an NG tube is necessary for what patients?

A

Small bowel obstruction

39
Q

What May you observe with the abdomen when the pt has a Lg bowel obstruction?

A

Distended
Later becomes hypoactive/absent

40
Q

Also called regional enteritis
Inflammation and abscess
Small focus ulcers
Cobblestone appearance

A

Crohn’s disease

41
Q

Chronic ulcerative inflammatory disease
Bloody or purulent drainage
Anorexia

A

Ulcerative colitis

42
Q

Patients with ulcerative colitis have an increased risk for ?

A

Osteoporotic fractures

43
Q

Loperamide can be used when?

A

30 min before meals

44
Q

A method that provides nutrients to the body by the IV route

A

Parenteral nutrition

45
Q

Lipid injectable emulsions are mixed by pharmacy staff with other components of parenteral nutrition to create a 3 in 1 mixture called?

A

Total nutrient admixture (TNA)

46
Q

What is the usual length of therapy for peripheral parenteral nutrition?

A

5 to 7 days

47
Q

What position may decrease the risk for an air embolism when the patient is on parenteral nutrition?

A

Trendelenburg position

48
Q

Why would parenteral nutrition be discontinued GRADUALLY?

A

To allow pt to adjust to decreased levels of glucose

49
Q

If parenteral feedings stop too abruptly, what may happen?

A

Rebound hypoglycemia

50
Q

If parenteral solution runs out what should you run?

A

10% dextrose and water to prevent hypoglycemia

51
Q

What should a stoma look like?

A

Pink to bright red, shiny

52
Q

What daily output can be expected for an ileostomy?

A

600 to 1200 mL

53
Q

What daily output can be expected with a colostomy?

A

200 to 600 mL

54
Q

Most ostomy pouches stink, what foods are deodorizers in the intestinal tract?

A

Spinach
Parsley

55
Q

When should people get colonoscopies?

A

Every 5 to 10 years beginning at age 50

56
Q

Mass of tissue that protrudes into the lumen of the bowel, can occur in the intestinal tract and rectum

A

Polyps

57
Q

Inflammation of the mucosa of the rectum
Secondary to an STI
more common in gay men

A

Proctitis

58
Q

Mucus and pus in the stool suggest what?

A

Ulcerative colitis

59
Q

Symptoms of peritonitis

A

Abdominal pain with rebound tenderness

60
Q

What are characteristics of pilonidal cyst?

A

Dilated pits of hair follicles in the cleft

61
Q

Early manifestation of colon cancer

A

Changes in bowel habits

62
Q

“String sign” is associated with what?

A

Crohn’s disease

63
Q

When one part of the intestines telescopes into another portion of the intestines

A

Intussusception of bowel

64
Q

What results in vomiting?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

65
Q

Red sensitive skin around stoma site may indicate what?

A

An ill fitting appliance

66
Q

What will the bowel sounds sound like with peritonitis?

A

absent

67
Q

What is a bulk forming laxative

A

Metamucil

Med Surg 1 (term 4) (9 decks)

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