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Med Surg 1 (term 4) > Chapter 43 > Flashcards

Chapter 43 Flashcards

1
Q

The largest gland of the body is what?

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is considered a chemical factory that manufactures, stores, alters, and excretes a large number of substances involved in metabolism?

A

Liver

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3
Q

What does the liver receive?

A

Nutrient rich blood from the GI tract and then stores it

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4
Q

The liver is essentially important in what?

A

Important in the regulation of glucose and protein metabolism

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5
Q

The bile produced by the liver is stored where?

A

Gallbladder

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6
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Behind ribs in the URQ

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7
Q

What is the major importance of liver function?

A

Circulation of blood into and out of the liver

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8
Q

What vitamins are stores in large amounts in the liver?

A

A,B, and D

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9
Q

Chronic liver disorder characterized by fibrotic change
Loss of functional liver tissue

A

Cirrhosis

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10
Q

What is a major symptom of liver disease/ hepatic dysfunction

A

Jaundice

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11
Q

Involuntary flapping movements of the hands

A

Asterixis

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12
Q

The patient may observe for signs of associated liver dysfunction when they see what?

A

Obesity
High alcohol intake

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13
Q

A liver with cirrhosis might feel?

A

Small and hard

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14
Q

A liver with acute hepatitis may feel?

A

Soft

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15
Q

Enlargement of the liver is what type of finding?

A

Abnormal

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16
Q

Removal of small amount of liver tissue usually through needle aspiration

A

Liver biopsy

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17
Q

Familial disorder characterized an increased level of unconjugated bilirubin that causes jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome

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18
Q

What is a chronic idiopathic jaundice, with pigment in the liver?

A

Rubin-Johnson syndrome

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19
Q

Increased pressure throughout the portal venous system that results in obstruction of blood flow into and through the damaged liver

A

Portal hypertension

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20
Q

What med is the first line therapy in patients with ascites from cirrhosis

A

Spironolactone

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21
Q

Removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity

A

Paracentesis

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22
Q

A method of treating ascites in which a cannula is threaded into the portal vein by the trans jugular route

A

Trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

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23
Q

What is life-threatening and can result in hemorrhagic shock that produces decreased cerebral, hepatic, and renal perfusion?

A

Bleeding esophageal varices 

24
Q

Which medication should not be used with coronary artery disease, because it may precipitate in MI 

A

Vasopressin

25
Q

What medications decreases portal pressure and prevents a first bleeding episode in patients with varices

A

Beta blockers (-olol)

26
Q

What is a therapy that is used to temporarily control hemorrhage and to stabilize a patient with massive bleeding?

A

Balloon Tamponade 

27
Q

A patient under treatment of a balloon tamponade should what? 

A

Be observed in the ICU for serious complication such as aspiration, esophageal ulcer formation, and perforation

28
Q

When would you see asterixis, which is involuntary flapping of the hands

A

Stage II encephalopathy

29
Q

What is a sweet slightly fecal odor to the breath? May be described as freshly mowed grass, acetone, or old wine

A

Fector hepaticus

30
Q

With hepatic dysfunction many patients develop what? that is caused by hypoalbuminemia do to decrease hepatic production of albumin

A

edema

31
Q

Patients with liver dysfunction resulting from biliary obstructions commonly develop what? due to retention of bile salts

A

Pruritis

32
Q

What is the most common cause of acute liver failure?

A

Drug induced liver disease

33
Q

What meds may be indicated to decrease ascites? 

A

Potassium sparing diruretic agents
(Spironolactone or triamterene

34
Q

What may help minimize bleeding gums?

A

Soft bristled toothbrush

35
Q

Primary liver tumors are usually associated with what?

A

Liver disease
hepatitis B+C 
cirrhosis

36
Q

What are early manifestations of malignancy of the liver?

A

Dull ache in the RUQ or back
Weight loss
Anorexia
Anemia


37
Q

What is the most common surgical procedure for getting rid of a liver tumor?

A

Lobectomy 

38
Q

What is the leading cause of death after liver transplantation

A

Infection

39
Q

Vitamin deficiency leading to beriberi

A

Thiamine deficiency

40
Q

Vitamin deficiency resulting in scurvy

A

Vitamin C

41
Q

Vitamin deficiency resulting in macrolytic anemia

A

Folic acid

42
Q

Nurses will expect to see asterixis with what?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

43
Q

Hepatitis A is transmitted how?

A

Fecal-oral route

44
Q

Hepatitis B is transmitted how?

A

Through blood, saliva, semen

45
Q

With the a balloon tamponade from a hemorrhage what is your main goal?

A

Maintaining the airway

46
Q

Hepatitis A symptoms include?

A

Anorexia
Nausea/vomiting

47
Q

What procedure would you use to diagnose cirrhosis?

A

Liver biopsy

48
Q

What medication helps with elevated ammonia due to cirrhosis

A

Lactulose

49
Q

What medication is administered with acute liver failure?

A

N-Acetylcysteine

50
Q

What color stool will a patient have who is diagnosed with cirrhosis

A

Clay colored or whitish

51
Q

Where can you palpate the liver?

A

RUQ

52
Q

Diuretic that spares potassium and prevents hypokalemia

A

Spironolactone

53
Q

What increases the risk for liver cancer?

A

Hepatitis C

54
Q

Symptoms of hypovolemia include?

A

Cool clammy skin
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Decreased urine output

55
Q

Type of jaundice
An adult experiencing transfusion reaction

A

Hemolytic

56
Q

When is the 2nd and 3rd hepatitis B vaccine given after the 1st

A

2nd in 1 month
3rd in 6 months

57
Q

What color stool indicated obstructive jaundice?

A

Clay colored stool

Med Surg 1 (term 4) (9 decks)

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