Chapter 38 Flashcards
What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starch?
Amylase
What is the medical term for indigestion?
Dyspepsia
What acid is secreted by the glands in the stomach; mixes with chyme to breakdown food and aids in the destruction of bacteria?
Hydrochloric acid
What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats?
Lipase
What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of protein
Trypsin
How long can food sit in the stomach?
30 minutes to several hours
Bile is secreted in what? and stored in what?
Secreted by the liver
Stored in the gallbladder
What produces mixing waves that move the intestinal contents back-and-forth in a churning motion? 
Segmentation contractions
What propels the contents of the small intestines toward the colon?
Intestinal peristalsis
What are fingerlike projections line the entire intestines?
Villi
Why are feces the color brown?
It is the breakdown of bile by the intestinal bacteria
What is the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes In the G.I. system?
Intestinal epithelium
An acute onset of emesis that appears bright red or as coffee ground is characteristics of what?
An upper G.I. bleed
When the nurse checks the back of your throat and asks you to say “ahh” what cranial nerve is being assessed? 
Cranial Nerve X - Vagus
If the nurse does not hear any bowel sounds while auscultating what should the nurse do?
Auscultate for five minutes before reporting
What is a high-pitched sound that can be heard over the liver and spleen during respiration?
Friction rubs
What is the term for stomach growling?
Borborygmus
What is the term for sound that results from presence of air in the stomach and small intestines?
Tympani
What are the three positions for a rectal examination?
Knee-chest
Left lateral with hips and knees flexed
Standing with hips flexed 
When the patient Is scheduled for a fecal occult blood test what should they avoid 72 hours prior to the study?
Avoid ingesting red meats, aspirin, NSAIDS, and foods with vitamin C as they can give a false-negative result 
A urea breath test detects what? 
The presence of H. pylori
What is this type of noninvasive diagnostic technique is useful in detection of enlarged gallbladder or pancreas the presence of gall stones and enlarged ovary and a topic pregnancy or appendicitis
Ultra sound
What can prevent the transmission of an ultrasound?
Gas and fluids in the abdomen or air in the lungs
What contrast agent can you drink that will show the exact location of everything in the entire G.I. tract?
Barium sulfate
What can be used to detect the presence of polyps, tumors, or other lesions of the large intestines and demonstrate any anatomic abnormalities or malfunctioning of the bowel
Barium enema
 A barium enema may be contraindicated in patients with? 
Signs of perforation or obstruction
What is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting and localizing many inflammatory conditions of the abdominal organs and structures ?
CT scan
What scan produces images of the body by detecting the radiation emitted from radioactive substances?
PET scan
What allows direct visualization of the esophageal, gastric, Duodenal mucosa through it lightened endoscope
Fibroscopy
What is a capsule endoscopy that requires a patient to swallow a capsule that travels by peristalsis through the small intestines it transmits digital images of the G.I. tract?
PillCam ESO
What medication is a sedative that provides moderate sedation that lowers the gag reflex and relieves anxiety during the procedure?
Midazolam
Removal of intestinal contents to prevent gas and fluid from descending the coils of the intestines is called? 
Bowel decompression
What are two complications of a colonoscopy?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Respiratory depression
What can be used for colon cleansing prior to a colonoscopy?
Sodium phosphate tablet
(Osmoprep, visicol)
What is a study that may be performed to assess gastric motility disturbances and can be useful in detecting motor or nerve dysfunction in the stomach?
Electrogastrography 
A fecal occult blood test should not be taken when the patient has?
Hemorrhoidal bleeding
Functions of stomach
Secretion of digestive fluids
Propels digested food into duodenum
Food storage
Why is glucagon given with a colonoscopy ?
Relax colonic masculature and reduce spasms
Where would bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system ?
Duodenum
Interventions to help you prepare for a esophagogastroduodenoscopy
NPO 8 hr prior
Given Versed for moderate sedation
Positioned in left lateral position
Partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions is called?
Chyme
