Chapter 38

Question 1

What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starch?

Answer 1

Amylase

Question 2

What is the medical term for indigestion?

Answer 2

Dyspepsia

Question 3

What acid is secreted by the glands in the stomach; mixes with chyme to breakdown food and aids in the destruction of bacteria?

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats?

Answer 4

Lipase

Question 5

What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of protein

Answer 5

Trypsin

Question 6

How long can food sit in the stomach?

Answer 6

30 minutes to several hours

Question 7

Bile is secreted in what? and stored in what?

Answer 7

Secreted by the liver
Stored in the gallbladder

Question 8

What produces mixing waves that move the intestinal contents back-and-forth in a churning motion? 

Answer 8

Segmentation contractions

Question 9

What propels the contents of the small intestines toward the colon?

Answer 9

Intestinal peristalsis

Question 10

What are fingerlike projections line the entire intestines?

Answer 10

Villi

Question 11

Why are feces the color brown?

Answer 11

It is the breakdown of bile by the intestinal bacteria

Question 12

What is the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes In the G.I. system?

Answer 12

Intestinal epithelium

Question 13

An acute onset of emesis that appears bright red or as coffee ground is characteristics of what?

Answer 13

An upper G.I. bleed

Question 14

When the nurse checks the back of your throat and asks you to say “ahh” what cranial nerve is being assessed? 

Answer 14

Cranial Nerve X - Vagus

Question 15

If the nurse does not hear any bowel sounds while auscultating what should the nurse do?

Answer 15

Auscultate for five minutes before reporting

Question 16

What is a high-pitched sound that can be heard over the liver and spleen during respiration?

Answer 16

Friction rubs

Question 17

What is the term for stomach growling?

Answer 17

Borborygmus

Question 18

What is the term for sound that results from presence of air in the stomach and small intestines?

Answer 18

Tympani

Question 19

What are the three positions for a rectal examination?

Answer 19

Knee-chest
Left lateral with hips and knees flexed
Standing with hips flexed 

Question 20

When the patient Is scheduled for a fecal occult blood test what should they avoid 72 hours prior to the study?

Answer 20

Avoid ingesting red meats, aspirin, NSAIDS, and foods with vitamin C as they can give a false-negative result 

Question 21

A urea breath test detects what? 

Answer 21

The presence of H. pylori

Question 22

What is this type of noninvasive diagnostic technique is useful in detection of enlarged gallbladder or pancreas the presence of gall stones and enlarged ovary and a topic pregnancy or appendicitis

Answer 22

Ultra sound

Question 23

What can prevent the transmission of an ultrasound?

Answer 23

Gas and fluids in the abdomen or air in the lungs

Question 24

What contrast agent can you drink that will show the exact location of everything in the entire G.I. tract?

Answer 24

Barium sulfate

Question 25

What can be used to detect the presence of polyps, tumors, or other lesions of the large intestines and demonstrate any anatomic abnormalities or malfunctioning of the bowel

Answer 25

Barium enema

Question 26

 A barium enema may be contraindicated in patients with? 

Answer 26

Signs of perforation or obstruction

Question 27

What is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting and localizing many inflammatory conditions of the abdominal organs and structures ?

Answer 27

CT scan

Question 28

What scan produces images of the body by detecting the radiation emitted from radioactive substances?

Answer 28

PET scan

Question 29

What allows direct visualization of the esophageal, gastric, Duodenal mucosa through it lightened endoscope

Answer 29

Fibroscopy

Question 30

What is a capsule endoscopy that requires a patient to swallow a capsule that travels by peristalsis through the small intestines it transmits digital images of the G.I. tract?

Answer 30

PillCam ESO

Question 31

What medication is a sedative that provides moderate sedation that lowers the gag reflex and relieves anxiety during the procedure?

Answer 31

Midazolam

Question 32

Removal of intestinal contents to prevent gas and fluid from descending the coils of the intestines is called? 

Answer 32

Bowel decompression

Question 33

What are two complications of a colonoscopy?

Answer 33

Cardiac arrhythmias
Respiratory depression

Question 34

What can be used for colon cleansing prior to a colonoscopy?

Answer 34

Sodium phosphate tablet
(Osmoprep, visicol)

Question 35

What is a study that may be performed to assess gastric motility disturbances and can be useful in detecting motor or nerve dysfunction in the stomach?

Answer 35

Electrogastrography 

Question 36

A fecal occult blood test should not be taken when the patient has?

Answer 36

Hemorrhoidal bleeding

Question 37

Functions of stomach

Answer 37

Secretion of digestive fluids
Propels digested food into duodenum
Food storage

Question 38

Why is glucagon given with a colonoscopy ?

Answer 38

Relax colonic masculature and reduce spasms

Question 39

Where would bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system ?

Answer 39

Duodenum

Question 40

Interventions to help you prepare for a esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 40

NPO 8 hr prior
Given Versed for moderate sedation
Positioned in left lateral position

Question 41

Partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions is called?

Answer 41

Chyme