Chapter 42 Flashcards
In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid?
grasshoppers (Within an open circulatory system, such as that operating in insects, the body fluid, called hemolymph, bathes the organs directly as it is pumped between open spaces in the body.)
Circulatory systems compensate for
the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances.
Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body’s cells are likely to have
a closed circulatory system.
Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?
systole of the left ventricle
) Gas exchange in the aquatic salamander known as the axolotl is correctly described as
simple diffusion of oxygen into the salamander from the water.
The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to
) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber.
Which of the following best describes an artery?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is
the capillaries.
Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with
increased activity of the immune system.
The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because
the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system.
Stroke occurs when _____.
a blood clot enters the cerebral circulation, blocking an artery and causing the death of brain tissue
The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are
erythropoietin and kidney, respectively.
Sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms lack a specialized gas exchange surface because
nearly all of their cells are in direct contact with the external environment.
Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because
water contains much less O2 than air per unit volume.
Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize
diffusion.
