Chapter 32 Test Bank

Question 1

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by

Answer 1

ingesting it

Question 2

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?

Answer 2

nervous conduction and muscular movement

Question 3

What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?

Answer 3

presence of Hox genes

Question 4

) The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a

Answer 4

flagellated protist

Question 5

Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships?

Answer 5

increased incidence of hard parts in the fossil record

Question 6

Fossil evidence indicates that the following events occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?

1. Protostomes invade terrestrial environments.
2. Cambrian explosion occurs.
3. Deuterostomes invade terrestrial environments.
4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas.

Answer 6

2 → 4 → 1 → 3

Question 7

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?

1. tetrapods
2. vertebrates
3. deuterostomes
4. amniotes
5. bilaterians

Answer 7

5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 8

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also

Answer 8

triploblastic

Question 9

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

Answer 9

gastrulation

Question 10

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?

Answer 10

cleavage

Question 11

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

Answer 11

have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not

Question 12

You have before you a living organism, which you examine carefully. Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate?

Answer 12

Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall

Question 13

The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during

Answer 13

gastrulation

Question 14

The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity that is known as the

Answer 14

archenteron

Question 15

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

Answer 15

true tissues or no tissues

Question 16

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

Answer 16

) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships

Question 17

If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues, then it can properly be included among the

Answer 17

metazoans

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are) true?

1. Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi.
2. All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect.
3. Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic.
4. Only animals reproduce by sexual means.
5. Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates

Answer 18

3 and 5

Question 19

What is true of the clade Ecdysozoa?

Answer 19

It includes all animals with genetic similarities that are shared with no other animals.

Question 20

Which group contains diploblastic organisms?

Answer 20

cnidarians

Question 21

Which of these is the basal group of the Eumetazoa?

Answer 21

cnidarians

Question 22

What is true of the deuterostomes in the molecular phylogeny (B) that is not true in the traditional phylogeny (A)?

Answer 22

To maintain Deuterostomia as a clade, some phyla had to be removed from it.