Chapter 41, Module 5; Chest X-Ray Flashcards
Normal findings of Clavicles?
Midline, symmetrical, intact
Abnormal findings of Clavicles?
Dark lines; clavicles not centered
Suggested cause of Clavicles?
Fracture; patient rotated; image taken off center
Normal findings of Chest wall?
Chest wall has rounded contour
Abnormal findings of Chest wall?
Sternum pushed outward (lateral image) Sternum pushed inward (lateral image)
Suggested Chestwall?
Pectus carinatum Pectus excavatum
NORMAL FINDINGS OF
Inspiration?
Adequate inspiration
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF
Inspiration?
Less than 10 ribs identified
SUGGESTED
Inspiration?
Inadequate inspiration
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Vertebral column?
Straight, equal disk spaces
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Vertebral column?
Curved Collapsed disk spaces
SUGGESTED Vertebral column?
Kyphoscoliosis (lateral view); scoliosis (PA view) Degenerative disk disease
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Ribs?
All ribs intact
Able to count 10 ribs
Ribs sloped at edges
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Ribs?
Rib fractures present Less than 10 ribs identified Ribs horizontal or flattened
SUGGESTED Ribs?
Trauma Inadequate inspiration Hyperinflated lungs, acute asthma, COPD
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Trachea?
Midline
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Trachea?
Deviation from midline Widening of trachea
SUGGESTED Trachea?
Atelectasis: trachea deviated toward area of atelectasis; pneumothorax: air, fluid, tumor, lymph node enlargement push trachea away from center; rotated image Chronic cough, cystic fibrosis
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Hilar region?
Normal size, centrally located Vascular markings extend <1/3 out into lung field
Bronchi invisible because air-filled bronchi have same density as air in lungs
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Hilar region?
Area enlarged
Vascular markings >1/3 into lung field
Bronchograms present (bronchi become visible when lung tissue filled with fluid is contrasted with air-filled bronchi)
SUGGESTED Hilar region?
Pulmonary artery congestion; lymph node enlargement Bronchopneumonia or pulmonary congestion
Infiltration; pulmonary edema Pneumonia
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Gastric air bubble?
Present on right
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Gastric air bubble?
Not visible
SUGGESTED Gastric air bubble?
Image placement error; image label error
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Diaphragm?
Right higher than left; right at level of sixth rib
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Diaphragm?
Elevated
Radiolucent line present that follows curvature of diaphragm Flattened diaphragm
Elevation on left
Bilateral elevation
SUGGESTED Diaphragm?
Collapsed lobe or multisegmental collapse; pleural effusion Free air present Emphysema, asthma, tension pneumothorax Perforated ulcer or gas distention of stomach Pregnancy, obesity, peritoneal fluid
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Costophrenic angle?
Present, sharp edges
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Costophrenic angle?
Blunted edges or absent
SUGGESTED Costophrenic angle?
Pneumonia, pleural effusion
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Visceral pleura?
Traced around chest wall
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Visceral pleura?
Hairline shadow, dark black with no lung markings
SUGGESTED Visceral pleura?
Pneumothorax
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Heart size?
Cardiac ratio <50%
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Heartsize?
Cardiac ratio >50%
SUGGESTED Heart size?
Enlarged heart, patient rotated
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Heart borders?
Presence of heart borders
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Heart borders?
Loss of border
SUGGESTED Heart borders?
Infiltrates
NORMAL FINDINGS OF Lungs?
Translucent
ABNORMAL FINDINGS OF Lungs?
Fluffy appearance Honeycomb appearance Butterfly appearance Density changes to consolidation Web-shaped density
SUGGESTED Lungs?
Engorged vasculature Acute respiratory distress syndrome Pulmonary edema Bacterial pneumonia Pulmonary embolism
