Chapter 14, Module 5; Dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea, cough, mild to severe chest pain, sense of impend¬ ing doom; hemoptysis; history of DVT, recent surgery, oral contraceptive, smoker, hypercoagulabilitystates

A

Pulmonary embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Restlessness, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, diminished breath sounds, crackles, wheezing, pleural friction rub

A

Pulmonary embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Pulmonary embolus?

A

CTPA, ABGs, chest radiograph, ECG, ventilation/ perfusion scans, D-dimer, Wells score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; history of drinking large amounts of alcohol; in children, history of putting small objects in mouth; possible cough

A

Foreign body aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apnea or tachypnea, restlessness, suprasternal retractions, intoxication, inspiratory stridor, localized wheeze

A

Foreign body aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Foreignbody aspiration?

A

Lateral neck radiograph, chest radiograph, bronchoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; history of insect sting, ingestion of drug, or allergen

A

Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angioedema, tachypnea, clammy skin, hypotension, bilateral wheezes, tachycardia

A

Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Anaphylaxis

A

None; emergency measures necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; sharp, tearing chest pain; pain can radiate to ipsilateral shoulder

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tachycardia, diminished breath sounds, decreased tactile fremitus, hyperresonance of lung area affected; possible hypertension and tracheal shift

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Pneumothorax?

A

Chest radiograph, ABGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Historyofupper respiratory tract infection

A

Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hoarse, seal-barkcough,fever (variable)

A

Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Croup?

A

None initially; if respiratory distress increases, pulse oximeter and referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Positionalsittingforward; sorethroat, anxious,toxicchild

A

Acute epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

High fever, drooling, stridor, muffled voice

A

Acute epiglottitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Acute epiglottitis?

A

None;emergency measures forairway support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Recentviralinfection

A

Bacterial tracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fever, stridor, purulent sputum

A

Bacterial tracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Bacterial tracheitis?

A

Radiography of airway, WBC increased, tracheal culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Recent URI, exposure to allergens, breathlessness

A

Status asthmaticus

23
Q

Wheezing, coughing, tachycardia, tachypnea

A

Status asthmaticus

24
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Status asthmaticus?

A

Peak flows, chest radiograph, ABGs

25
Honey  ingestion  in  infant,  contaminated  food  ingestion
Botulism
26
Hypoventilation,  drooling,  weak cry,  ptosis,  ophthalmoplegia, loss  of  head  control
Botulism
27
Diagnostic Studies of Botulism?
Pulmonary  function  testing, chest  radiograph,  fluoroscopy,  stool  culture
28
Dyspnea,  cough,  sputum  production  (green, rust,  or  red), pleuritic  chest  pain,  chills;  in infants  and  children:  irritability and feeding  problems
Pneumonia
29
Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, inspiratory crackles,  asynchronous breathing, vocal fremitus, percussion dull or flat over area of consolidation, bronchophony, egophony
Pneumonia
30
Diagnostic Studies of Pneumonia?
Chest radiograph, sputum  cultures, ABGs,  WBC
31
Dyspnea,  light-headedness, palpitations,  paresthesias (perioral  and  extremities)
Hyperventilation syndrome
32
Restlessness,  anxiety,  normal CV  examination
Hyperventilation syndrome
33
Diagnostic Studies of Hyperventilation syndrome?
Chest  radiograph, TSH
34
Neonate,  infant:  history  of stridor,  history  of  URI
Bronchomalacia
35
Inspiratory  stridor;  normal cough,  cry
Bronchomalacia
36
Diagnostic Studies of Bronchomalacia?
Refer for visualization of larynx
37
Infant: dyspnea, brassy cough, difficulty  swallowing
Vascular ring
38
Inspiratory stridor with expiratory wheeze
Vascular ring
39
Diagnostic Studies of Vascular ring?
Barium  swallow, echocardiography
40
Chronic  progressive  dyspnea, cough,  frothy  sputum,  fatigue, lightheadedness,  syncope, weight  gain,  ankle  swelling, palpitations,  PND,  orthopnea, history  of  heart  disease;  in children:  chronic  progressive dyspnea,  sweating  above  lip and  forehead,  especially  while eating
Heart  failure
41
Altered  level of consciousness, restlessness,  jugular  venous distention,  tachypnea, use of accessory  muscles  to  breathe, rales,  rhonchi,  wheezes, tachycardia,  decreased  peripheral pulses,  cool  extremities,  displaced  PMI,  S3,  S4,  ascites, liver enlargement
Heart  failure
42
Diagnostic Studies of Heart  failure?
ECG,  chest radiograph,  ABGs, echocardiogram
43
Dyspnea  on  exertion,  fatigue, palpitations,  light-headedness, history  of  chronic  disease
Anemia
44
Pallor,  tachypnea,  cool  dry  skin  of extremities,  possible  orthostatic hypotension
Anemia
45
Diagnostic Studies of Anemia?
CBC,  iron  studies
46
Dyspnea  on  exertion,  weight gain,  palpitation  on  exertion, sedentary  lifestyle,  cigarette smoker
Poor physical conditioning
47
Overweight,  tachycardia
Poor physical conditioning
48
Diagnostic Studies of Poor physical conditioning?
Cardiac  stress  test
49
Dyspnea,  paroxysmal  cough, audible  wheeze,  history  of asthma  or  allergies
Asthma
50
Restlessness,  tachypnea,  use  of accessory  muscles  to  breathe, intercostal  retractions,  decreased vocal  fremitus,  decreased  breath sounds,  inspiratory  and  possibly expiratory  wheezes
Asthma
51
Diagnostic Studies of Asthma
Spirometry  followed by  a  methacholine challenge,  chest radiograph,  ABGs
52
Chronic progressive  dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion,  persistent cough, minimal  sputum, easy fatigue, history  of smoking
COPD
53
Rapid shallow  respirations, reddish complexion,  increased AP diameter  of  thorax,  use  of  accessory muscles  to  breathe,  pursed-lip breathing, decreased tactile fremitus,  decreased  respiratory excursion  bilaterally, lungs hyperresonant,  distant  breath sounds,  prolonged  expiration, occasional wheezes, possible tachycardia, muffled heart sounds
COPD
54
Diagnostic Studies of COPD?
Chest radiograph, spirometry, exercise tests, ABGs