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Physical Assessment > Chapter 14, Module 5; Dyspnea > Flashcards

Chapter 14, Module 5; Dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea, cough, mild to severe chest pain, sense of impend¬ ing doom; hemoptysis; history of DVT, recent surgery, oral contraceptive, smoker, hypercoagulabilitystates

A

Pulmonary embolus

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2
Q

Restlessness, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, diminished breath sounds, crackles, wheezing, pleural friction rub

A

Pulmonary embolus

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3
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Pulmonary embolus?

A

CTPA, ABGs, chest radiograph, ECG, ventilation/ perfusion scans, D-dimer, Wells score

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4
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; history of drinking large amounts of alcohol; in children, history of putting small objects in mouth; possible cough

A

Foreign body aspiration

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5
Q

Apnea or tachypnea, restlessness, suprasternal retractions, intoxication, inspiratory stridor, localized wheeze

A

Foreign body aspiration

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6
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Foreignbody aspiration?

A

Lateral neck radiograph, chest radiograph, bronchoscopy

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7
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; history of insect sting, ingestion of drug, or allergen

A

Anaphylaxis

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8
Q

Angioedema, tachypnea, clammy skin, hypotension, bilateral wheezes, tachycardia

A

Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Anaphylaxis

A

None; emergency measures necessary

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10
Q

Acute-onset dyspnea; sharp, tearing chest pain; pain can radiate to ipsilateral shoulder

A

Pneumothorax

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11
Q

Tachycardia, diminished breath sounds, decreased tactile fremitus, hyperresonance of lung area affected; possible hypertension and tracheal shift

A

Pneumothorax

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12
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Pneumothorax?

A

Chest radiograph, ABGs

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13
Q

Historyofupper respiratory tract infection

A

Croup

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14
Q

Hoarse, seal-barkcough,fever (variable)

A

Croup

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15
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Croup?

A

None initially; if respiratory distress increases, pulse oximeter and referral

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16
Q

Positionalsittingforward; sorethroat, anxious,toxicchild

A

Acute epiglottitis

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17
Q

High fever, drooling, stridor, muffled voice

A

Acute epiglottitis

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18
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Acute epiglottitis?

A

None;emergency measures forairway support

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19
Q

Recentviralinfection

A

Bacterial tracheitis

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20
Q

Fever, stridor, purulent sputum

A

Bacterial tracheitis

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21
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Bacterial tracheitis?

A

Radiography of airway, WBC increased, tracheal culture

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22
Q

Recent URI, exposure to allergens, breathlessness

A

Status asthmaticus

23
Q

Wheezing, coughing, tachycardia, tachypnea

A

Status asthmaticus

24
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Status asthmaticus?

A

Peak flows, chest radiograph, ABGs

25
Q

Honey ingestion in infant, contaminated food ingestion

A

Botulism

26
Q

Hypoventilation, drooling, weak cry, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, loss of head control

A

Botulism

27
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Botulism?

A

Pulmonary function testing, chest radiograph, fluoroscopy, stool culture

28
Q

Dyspnea, cough, sputum production (green,rust, or red), pleuritic chest pain, chills; in infants and children: irritabilityandfeeding problems

A

Pneumonia

29
Q

Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, inspiratorycrackles, asynchronous breathing,vocal fremitus, percussiondull or flat over area of consolidation, bronchophony, egophony

A

Pneumonia

30
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Pneumonia?

A

Chest radiograph, sputum cultures, ABGs, WBC

31
Q

Dyspnea, light-headedness, palpitations, paresthesias (perioral and extremities)

A

Hyperventilation syndrome

32
Q

Restlessness, anxiety, normal CV examination

A

Hyperventilation syndrome

33
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Hyperventilation syndrome?

A

Chest radiograph, TSH

34
Q

Neonate, infant: history of stridor, history of URI

A

Bronchomalacia

35
Q

Inspiratory stridor; normal cough, cry

A

Bronchomalacia

36
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Bronchomalacia?

A

Refer forvisualization oflarynx

37
Q

Infant: dyspnea,brassycough, difficulty swallowing

A

Vascularring

38
Q

Inspiratorystridorwithexpiratory wheeze

A

Vascularring

39
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Vascularring?

A

Barium swallow, echocardiography

40
Q

Chronic progressive dyspnea, cough, frothy sputum, fatigue, lightheadedness, syncope, weight gain, ankle swelling, palpitations, PND, orthopnea, history of heart disease; in children: chronic progressive dyspnea, sweating above lip and forehead, especially while eating

A

Heart failure

41
Q

Altered levelof consciousness, restlessness, jugular venous distention, tachypnea,use of accessory muscles to breathe, rales, rhonchi, wheezes,tachycardia, decreased peripheral pulses, cool extremities, displaced PMI, S3, S4, ascites, liverenlargement

A

Heart failure

42
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Heart failure?

A

ECG, chest radiograph, ABGs, echocardiogram

43
Q

Dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, palpitations, light-headedness, history of chronic disease

A

Anemia

44
Q

Pallor, tachypnea, cool dry skin of extremities, possible orthostatic hypotension

A

Anemia

45
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Anemia?

A

CBC, iron studies

46
Q

Dyspnea on exertion, weight gain, palpitation on exertion, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoker

A

Poor physical conditioning

47
Q

Overweight, tachycardia

A

Poor physical conditioning

48
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Poorphysical conditioning?

A

Cardiac stress test

49
Q

Dyspnea, paroxysmal cough, audible wheeze, history of asthma or allergies

A

Asthma

50
Q

Restlessness, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, intercostal retractions, decreased vocal fremitus, decreased breath sounds, inspiratory and possibly expiratory wheezes

A

Asthma

51
Q

Diagnostic Studies of Asthma

A

Spirometry followed by a methacholine challenge, chest radiograph, ABGs

52
Q

Chronicprogressive dyspnea, dyspneaon exertion, persistentcough,minimal sputum, easy fatigue,history of smoking

A

COPD

53
Q

Rapid shallow respirations,reddish complexion, increased AP diameter of thorax, use of accessory muscles to breathe, pursed-lip breathing,decreasedtactile fremitus, decreased respiratory excursion bilaterally,lungs hyperresonant, distant breath sounds, prolonged expiration, occasionalwheezes,possible tachycardia,muffled heart sounds

A

COPD

54
Q

Diagnostic Studies of COPD?

A

Chestradiograph, spirometry, exercisetests, ABGs

Physical Assessment (27 decks)

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