Chapter 10, Module 7; Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Low dietary fiber and bulk; inadequate fluid intake; physical inactivity; pain before and with bowel movements; anorexia

A

Simple constipation

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2
Q

Normal abdominal and rectal examination; can feel fecal masses in colon and rectum

A

Simple constipation

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3
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Simple constipation?

A

None if resolved; consider colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, anorectal manometry, colon transit studies if not resolved

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4
Q

Adults: bowel habits; chronic use of laxatives. Straining during defecation, hard or lumpy stools, a sensation of incomplete evacuation and/or anorectal obstruction Preschool and school-age children: history of abdominal pain and stool soiling

A

Functional constipation

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5
Q

Abdomen may or may not be distended. The external sphincter is intact.

A

Functional constipation

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6
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Functional constipation?

A

Abdominal radiography, unprepped barium radiography

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7
Q

Onset in young adulthood; alternating diarrhea and constipation; mucus in stools

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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8
Q

Can have tender, palpable colon

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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9
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

A

Colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy if indicated

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10
Q

Passage of hard stool at 3- to 5-day in¬ tervals; diarrhea, small caliber stools; common in those confined to bed

A

Obstipation/ impaction

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11
Q

Hard feces in rectal ampulla; may have palpable feces-filled bowel

A

Obstipation/ impaction

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12
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Obstipation/ impaction?

A

Colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy if indicated

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13
Q

Common in older adults; physical inactivity; decreased stool frequency; stool dry and hard

A

Slow transit

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14
Q

Normal abdominal and rectal examination

A

Slow transit

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15
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Slow transit?

A

Colonoscopy/FOBT or FIT to rule out tumors; consider anorectal manometry, colon transit studies

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16
Q

Delayed passage of meconium at birth; no urge to defecate

A

Hirschsprung disease

17
Q

Empty rectal ampulla on examination

A

Hirschsprung disease

18
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Hirschsprung disease?

A

Colonoscopy

19
Q

Rectal pain on defecation; history of hemorrhoids; blood on stool, on toilet tissue, or in toilet

A

Anorectal lesions

20
Q

On rectal examination: hemorrhoids, fissures, tears, abrasions; increased sphincter tone

A

Anorectal lesions

21
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Anorectal lesions?

22
Q

History of chronic laxative use; history of taking medications that produce constipation

A

Drug induced

23
Q

Normal rectal and abdominal examinations

A

Drug induced

24
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Drug induced?

A

None if resolved; consider colonoscopy/ sigmoidoscopy, barium enema if not resolved

25
Recent  onset:  pain  and  abdominal  distention,  stool  leakage,  urgency;  late onset:  weight  loss,  anorexia;  rectal bleeding;  increased  incidence  over  age 40;  uncommon  in  children
Colorectal cancer
26
Can  have  palpable abdominal  mass  or organomegaly
Colorectal cancer
27
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR Colorectal cancer?
CBC,  FOBT,  FIT,  fecal/stool DNA;  colonoscopy