Chapter 4 Tissues (Lab Study Guide) Flashcards by Jess Pejril

Types of Tissue

1.) Epithelial
2.) Connective
3.) Muscular
4.) Nervous

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how is epithelial tissue classified

number of layers
shape of cells

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simle epithelia

single layer

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stratified epithelia

many layers

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squamous epithelia

flat/oval shape

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cuboidal epithelia

cube shape

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columnar

column shape

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simple squamous

rapid diffusion / filtration

air sacs of lungs
heart/blood vessels

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simple cuboidal

kidney tubules
small glands
ovaries

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simple columnar

intestines

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stratified squamous

epidermis of skin
esophagus
mouth

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stratified cuboidal

sweat glands
mammary glands

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stratified columnar

male urethra

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transitional epithelia

stratified with many different cell shapes
where organs constantly move

bladder

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pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

looks like many but is really one
cilia helps move substances along a surface

trachea / bronchi of lungs

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parts of connective tissue

ecm:
1.) ground substance
2.) fibers

cells
1.) fibroblasts (secrete fiber (ecm) in CT proper)
2.) chondrocytes (secrete ecm in cartilage)

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types of connective tissue studied (we only did two)

connective tissue proper
cartilage

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types of fibers

collagen
elastic
reticular

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collagen fibers

thickest and strongest

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elastic

thin
ability to stretch / recoil

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reticular

shortest and thinnest

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ground substance

gel like / bone like substance fills space of cells

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types of connective tissue proper

loose and dense

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types of loose connective tissue proper

1.) loose areolar
2.) loose adipose

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types of dense connective tissue proper

1.) dense regular 2.) dense irregular

description of loose areolar

contains many different fibers

function of loose areolar

universal packing (supports and binds other tissues) MOST ABUNDANT

location of loose areolar

most abundant, very widespred subcutaneous layer of skin

description of loose adipose

signet rings triglyceride pushes nuclei to side of the cell mdae of adipocytes

function of losoe adipose

cushioning energy storage insulating

location of loose adipose

yellow bone marrow mammary tissue

description of dense regular

densely packed with collagen fibers fibers run in same direction (parallel)

function of dense regular

strength in one direction

location of dense regular

tendons and ligaments

ligaments are...

bone to bone

tendons are...

muscle to bone

description of dense irregular

densely packed with collagen fibers fibers run in different directions

function of dense irregular

strength in many directions

location of dense irregular

dermis of skin perichondrium (around cartilage) periostium (around bone)

is cartilage vascular

no!

is epithelial vascular

no!

is connective itssue proper vascular

yes!

how does epithelial tissue and cartilage recieve nutrients

diffusion from connective tissue proper diffusion from surrounding environment

cells in cartilage

chondrocytes

lacunae

little caves (small cavity) that hold chondrocytes

how are chondroblasts found

in pairs

types of cartilage

hyaline elastic fibrocartilage

description of hyaline

appears glossy (no fibers visible) most abundant

function of hyaline

flexibility / reduce friction

location of hyaline

end of long bones where sternum meets ribs nose

description of elastic

resembles hyaline but has more elastic fibers

function of elastic

strength and flexibility

location of elastic

external ear epiglottis

desription of fibrocartilage

resembles dense regular but has lacunae's

function of fibrocartilage

support and flexibility in places under high stress

location of fibrocartilage

intervertebral disks knee joint

function of simple squamous

rapid diffusion / filtration

function of simple cuboidal / columnar

secretion / absorption

function of stratified epithelia

protection / barrier

function of connective tissue

binds, supports, and protects other tissues

function of muscle tissue

movement

function of nervous tissue

rapid communication / control

apical

top layer of epithelia exposed to external

basal

bottom layer of epithelia

goblet cells

produce mucin

what is mucin

combines with water to form mucus

cilia vs microvilli

cilia: microtubules microvilli: extensions of membrane

cilia function

sweep things across membrane

microvilli function

increases surface area for absorption

function of transitional epithelia

protection & stretching

shape of transitional epithelia

round / pear shape when not stretched squamous when stretched

lamina propia

below basement membrane

adipocytes

individual adipose cells make up adipose tissue (NOT fibroblasts)

signet ring

shape of adipose triglycerides pushnucelus to side of ring resembles simple squamous but less nuclei