Chapter 2

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

capacity to do work

Question 3

kinetic vs potential

Answer 3

kinetic = energy of movement
potential = stored energy

Question 4

chemical energy

Answer 4

type of potential energy
stored in chemical bonds

Question 5

mechanical energy

Answer 5

involved in moving matter
ex: muscles moving body

Question 6

electrical energy

Answer 6

movement of charged particles

Question 7

radiant energy

Answer 7

moved in waves

Question 8

is energy conversion always 100%?

Answer 8

NO
energy lost as heat

Question 9

smallest unit of matter

Answer 9

atoms

Question 10

elements are made if ___

Answer 10

atoms

Question 11

molecules

Answer 11

2+ different elements chemically bonded

Question 12

what represents number of protons

Answer 12

atomic number

Question 13

atomic number represents

Answer 13

protons AND electrons

Question 14

what represents the mass of 1 atom of an element

Answer 14

atomic mass

Question 15

what does atomic mass represent

Answer 15

weighted average of all isotopes

Question 16

how many electrons does first electron shell hold

Answer 16

2

Question 17

how many electrons does 2+ electron shell hold

Answer 17

8

Question 18

what do atoms want?

Answer 18

1.) to be electrically neutral
2.) to have full valence shell

Question 19

ionic bonds

Answer 19

1 atom donates an electron to another to form 2 ions

Question 20

covalent bonds

Answer 20

2+ atoms share electrons

Question 21

polar

Answer 21

compounds that have 2 atoms with different electronegativies

Question 22

nonpolar

Answer 22

compounds with 2 similar electronegative atoms
equal sharing of electrons

Question 23

hydrogen bonds

Answer 23

forces of attraction
between electropositive and electronegative atoms
NOT a true bond
ex: between the partial charged atoms of two water molecules

Question 24

synthesis

Answer 24

parts put together to form larger whole

Question 25

decomposition

Answer 25

breakdown of molecule into smaller molecules

Question 26

exchange

Answer 26

bonds are made and broken

Question 27

synthesis is ALWAYS

Answer 27

anabolism (build up)

Question 28

decomposition is ALWAYS

Answer 28

catabolism (break down)

Question 29

exchange is ALWAYS

Answer 29

redox reactions

Question 30

oxidized =

Answer 30

lost electrons

Question 31

reduced =

Answer 31

gained electrons

Question 32

endergonic

Answer 32

take in heat

Question 33

exergonic

Answer 33

let out heat

Question 34

synthesis is endo or exo

Answer 34

endergonic

Question 35

decomposition is endo or exo

Answer 35

exergonic

Question 36

water special properties

Answer 36

1.) high specific heat capacity 2.) high heat of vaporization 3.) polar solvent properties 4.) reactivity 5.) cushioning

Question 37

high specific heat capacity

Answer 37

holds onto a lot of heat

Question 38

high heat of vaporization

Answer 38

takes lot of heat to evaporate

Question 39

polar solvent

Answer 39

lots can dissolve in h2o partial - dissolves + ions partial + dissolves - ions

Question 40

reactivity

Answer 40

necessary part of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Question 41

cushioning

Answer 41

protects organs

Question 42

acids are proton ___

Answer 42

donors

Question 43

acids release ___

Answer 43

H+

Question 44

more H+ = more ____

Answer 44

acidic

Question 45

bases are proton ___

Answer 45

acceptors

Question 46

bases release ___

Answer 46

OH-

Question 47

more OH- = more ____

Answer 47

basic

Question 48

dehydration synthesis

Answer 48

takes out water to synthesize

Question 49

hydrolysis

Answer 49

put in water to decompose

Question 50

carbohydrates

Answer 50

sugars/starches

Question 51

carbs have ___

Answer 51

CHO

Question 52

carbs use

Answer 52

for energy

Question 53

monomers / polymers of carbs

Answer 53

monosaccharides dissaccharides polysaccharides

Question 54

monosaccharides examples

Answer 54

glucose deoxyribose ribose

Question 55

how many carbons do monosaccharides have

Answer 55

5-6

Question 56

disaccharides examples

Answer 56

lactose sucrose maltose

Question 57

polysaccharides examples

Answer 57

glycogen and starch

Question 58

lipids have

Answer 58

CHO

Question 59

lipids function

Answer 59

storing energy regulating/signaling insulating/protecting

Question 60

are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 60

NO

Question 61

types of lipids

Answer 61

1.) triglycerides 2.) phospholipids 3.) eicosanoids

Question 62

triglycerides are made of

Answer 62

1 glycerol 3 fatty acid tails

Question 63

triglycerides purpose

Answer 63

dietary fats

Question 64

types of triglycerides

Answer 64

1.) saturated 2.) unsaturated

Question 65

saturated fatty acids

Answer 65

solid at room temp single bonds (each C bonds to as many H as possible) more bonds = more structure

Question 66

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 66

oil at room temp double bonds (C only bound to 1 H) gives more bend

Question 67

monomers / polymers of proteins

Answer 67

amino acids polypeptides

Question 68

bonds between amino acids

Answer 68

peptide bonds type of covalent bond

Question 69

how many amino acids are there

Answer 69

20

Question 70

monomers / polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 70

nucleotides DNA/RNA

Question 71

nucleotides are made of…

Answer 71

nitrogenous base phosphate group sugar

Question 72

ATP

Answer 72

adenosine triphosphate 1 adenine 3 phosphate groups

Question 73

where is energy stored in ATP

Answer 73

between 2 and 3 phosphate group