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Bio 105 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work

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3
Q

kinetic vs potential

A

kinetic = energy of movement
potential = stored energy

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4
Q

chemical energy

A

type of potential energy
stored in chemical bonds

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5
Q

mechanical energy

A

involved in moving matter
ex: muscles moving body

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6
Q

electrical energy

A

movement of charged particles

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7
Q

radiant energy

A

moved in waves

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8
Q

is energy conversion always 100%?

A

NO
energy lost as heat

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9
Q

smallest unit of matter

A

atoms

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10
Q

elements are made if ___

A

atoms

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11
Q

molecules

A

2+ different elements chemically bonded

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12
Q

what represents number of protons

A

atomic number

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13
Q

atomic number represents

A

protons AND electrons

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14
Q

what represents the mass of 1 atom of an element

A

atomic mass

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15
Q

what does atomic mass represent

A

weighted average of all isotopes

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16
Q

how many electrons does first electron shell hold

A

2

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17
Q

how many electrons does 2+ electron shell hold

A

8

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18
Q

what do atoms want?

A

1.) to be electrically neutral
2.) to have full valence shell

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19
Q

ionic bonds

A

1 atom donates an electron to another to form 2 ions

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20
Q

covalent bonds

A

2+ atoms share electrons

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21
Q

polar

A

compounds that have 2 atoms with different electronegativies

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22
Q

nonpolar

A

compounds with 2 similar electronegative atoms
equal sharing of electrons

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23
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

forces of attraction
between electropositive and electronegative atoms
NOT a true bond
ex: between the partial charged atoms of two water molecules

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24
Q

synthesis

A

parts put together to form larger whole

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25
Q

decomposition

A

breakdown of molecule into smaller molecules

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26
Q

exchange

A

bonds are made and broken

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27
Q

synthesis is ALWAYS

A

anabolism
(build up)

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28
Q

decomposition is ALWAYS

A

catabolism (break down)

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29
Q

exchange is ALWAYS

A

redox reactions

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30
Q

oxidized =

A

lost electrons

31
Q

reduced =

A

gained electrons

32
Q

endergonic

A

take in heat

33
Q

exergonic

A

let out heat

34
Q

synthesis is endo or exo

A

endergonic

35
Q

decomposition is endo or exo

A

exergonic

36
Q

water special properties

A

1.) high specific heat capacity
2.) high heat of vaporization
3.) polar solvent properties
4.) reactivity
5.) cushioning

37
Q

high specific heat capacity

A

holds onto a lot of heat

38
Q

high heat of vaporization

A

takes lot of heat to evaporate

39
Q

polar solvent

A

lots can dissolve in h2o
partial - dissolves + ions
partial + dissolves - ions

40
Q

reactivity

A

necessary part of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

41
Q

cushioning

A

protects organs

42
Q

acids are proton ___

A

donors

43
Q

acids release ___

A

H+

44
Q

more H+ = more ____

A

acidic

45
Q

bases are proton ___

A

acceptors

46
Q

bases release ___

A

OH-

47
Q

more OH- = more ____

A

basic

48
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

takes out water to synthesize

49
Q

hydrolysis

A

put in water to decompose

50
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars/starches

51
Q

carbs have ___

A

CHO

52
Q

carbs use

A

for energy

53
Q

monomers / polymers of carbs

A

monosaccharides
dissaccharides
polysaccharides

54
Q

monosaccharides examples

A

glucose
deoxyribose
ribose

55
Q

how many carbons do monosaccharides have

A

5-6

56
Q

disaccharides examples

A

lactose
sucrose
maltose

57
Q

polysaccharides examples

A

glycogen and starch

58
Q

lipids have

A

CHO

59
Q

lipids function

A

storing energy
regulating/signaling
insulating/protecting

60
Q

are lipids soluble in water?

A

NO

61
Q

types of lipids

A

1.) triglycerides
2.) phospholipids
3.) eicosanoids

62
Q

triglycerides are made of

A

1 glycerol
3 fatty acid tails

63
Q

triglycerides purpose

A

dietary fats

64
Q

types of triglycerides

A

1.) saturated
2.) unsaturated

65
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

solid at room temp
single bonds
(each C bonds to as many H as possible)
more bonds = more structure

66
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

oil at room temp
double bonds
(C only bound to 1 H)
gives more bend

67
Q

monomers / polymers of proteins

A

amino acids
polypeptides

68
Q

bonds between amino acids

A

peptide bonds
type of covalent bond

69
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

70
Q

monomers / polymers of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides
DNA/RNA

71
Q

nucleotides are made of…

A

nitrogenous base
phosphate group
sugar

72
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate
1 adenine
3 phosphate groups

73
Q

where is energy stored in ATP

A

between 2 and 3 phosphate group

Bio 105 (8 decks)

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