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Bio 105 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 basic parts of human cell

A

1.) membrane
2.) cytoplasm
3.) nucleus

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2
Q

blood plasma is inter or extra cellular

A

extracellular
in blood plasma

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3
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

surrounds cells in NS

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4
Q

extracellular matrix

A

acts as glue holds cells together

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5
Q

cholesterol function

A

to keep shape and stability

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6
Q

carbohydrates in membrane

A

signal molecules
on outside of cell

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7
Q

glycolipids

A

lipids with sugar groups

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8
Q

integral proteins

A

spam entire membrane

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9
Q

peripheral proteins

A

attached to integral

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10
Q

glycocalyx

A

sugars/carbs
on cell surface attached to glycolipids + glycoproteins
acts as signal molecules

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11
Q

cell junctions types

A

1.) tight
2.) desmosomes
3.) gap

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12
Q

crenation

A

h2o flows out of cell

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13
Q

lysing

A

h2o flows in

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14
Q

desmosomes

A

medium cell junction
2 cells anchor together
not as tight as tight junctions but not as much space as gap junctions

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15
Q

tight junctions

A

2 cells join at the junction
materials cannot get through

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16
Q

gap junction

A

allows for cell-cell communication

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17
Q

antiporters

A

transport 2 substances in opposite directions
1 substance into cell
1 substance out of cell

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18
Q

symporters

A

transports 2 substances in the same direction

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19
Q

primary active transport

A

atp directly from atp hydrolysis
energy from atp hydrolysis changes protein shape and allows for it to transport

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20
Q

secondary active transport

A

atp is used indirectly
energy from primary ion gradient
the downhill diffusion of one drives the uphill of another

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21
Q

vesicular transport

A

bulk transport
transports entire vesicles into or out of cells

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22
Q

endocytosis

A

bulk transport into cells

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23
Q

exocytosis

A

bulk transport out of cells

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24
Q

organelles

A

mini organs in a cell

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25
Q

endomembrane system

A

organelles that have their own membrane

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26
Q

organelles in the endomembrane system

A

mitochondria
nucleus
er
golgi
peroxisomes
lysosomes

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27
Q

non-membranous organelles

A

ribosomes
cytoskeleton
centrioles

28
Q

mitochondria

A

produces most of cells energy (atp)
double membrane
takes glucose +oxygen to make atp

29
Q

nucleus

A

stores dna
in the form of chromatin

30
Q

main structures of nucleus

A

nuclear envelope
nucleolus
chromatin

31
Q

where are ribosomes synthesized

A

nucleolus

32
Q

how do ribosomes get out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

33
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

smooth and rough

34
Q

rough er

A

has ribosomes
site of protein synthesis

35
Q

smooth er

A

synthesizes lipids
detox
stores calcium

36
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

37
Q

types of ribosomes

A

1.) free
in cytosol
2.) bound
on rough er

38
Q

golgi

A

boxes things and ships them out

39
Q

what does golgi pack things into

A

secretory vesicles

40
Q

types secretory vesicles

A

1.) peroxisomes
2.) lysosomes

41
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down toxins
white blood cells

42
Q

lysosomes

A

break down bacteria
liver

43
Q

cytoskeleton

A

cell structure
allows cells to get bigger/smaller as they move through body

44
Q

parts of cytoskeleton

A

1.) microfilliments
2.) intermediete filaments
3.) microtubules

45
Q

centrosomes

A

part of cytoskeleton
assemble microtubules

involved in dna division
(pulls chromatids apart during cell division)
organelles near nucleus
made of 2 centrioles

46
Q

centrioles

A

assemble microtubules in a certain order
makeup centrosomes

47
Q

cellular extensions

A

1.) cillia
2.) flagella
3.) microvilli

48
Q

cilia

A

push things passed cell
across membrane in one direction

49
Q

flagella

A

move entire cell

50
Q

microvilli

A

extensions of membrane
gives more SA for absorption

51
Q

cell cycle

A

1.) interphase
2.) mitotic phase

52
Q

interphase

A

cell grows and carries out normal functions

53
Q

mitotic phase

A

parent cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells

54
Q

mitosis steps

A

1.) prophase
2.) metaphse
3.) anaphase
4.) telophase

54
Q

prmitosis steps

A

1.) prophase
2.) metaphse
3.) anaphase
4.) telophase

55
Q

prophase

A
  • chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • nuclear envelope disappears
  • centrioles form microtubules between them
  • centromeres move from nucleus and head to opposite ends of cell to hold chromotids
56
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes meet in middle

57
Q

anaphase

A

chromosomes break apart
chromatids go towards centrioles

58
Q

telophase

A

nuclear envelope reappears

59
Q

cytokinesis

A

cell splits into 2

60
Q

mrna

A

rna copy of a piece of dna
goes out of nucleus —> ribosomes

61
Q

trna

A

brings correct amino acid to build polypeptide

62
Q

rrna

A

type of rna that makes up a ribosome

63
Q

transcription

A

in nucleus
rna brings instructions for protein synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes

64
Q

translation

A

in ribosomes
rna —> proteins

65
Q

translation

A

in ribosomes
rna —> proteins

Bio 105 (8 decks)

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