Chapter 3

Question 1

3 basic parts of human cell

Answer 1

1.) membrane
2.) cytoplasm
3.) nucleus

Question 2

blood plasma is inter or extra cellular

Answer 2

extracellular
in blood plasma

Question 3

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 3

surrounds cells in NS

Question 4

extracellular matrix

Answer 4

acts as glue holds cells together

Question 5

cholesterol function

Answer 5

to keep shape and stability

Question 6

carbohydrates in membrane

Answer 6

signal molecules
on outside of cell

Question 7

glycolipids

Answer 7

lipids with sugar groups

Question 8

integral proteins

Answer 8

spam entire membrane

Question 9

peripheral proteins

Answer 9

attached to integral

Question 10

glycocalyx

Answer 10

sugars/carbs
on cell surface attached to glycolipids + glycoproteins
acts as signal molecules

Question 11

cell junctions types

Answer 11

1.) tight
2.) desmosomes
3.) gap

Question 12

crenation

Answer 12

h2o flows out of cell

Question 13

lysing

Answer 13

h2o flows in

Question 14

desmosomes

Answer 14

medium cell junction
2 cells anchor together
not as tight as tight junctions but not as much space as gap junctions

Question 15

tight junctions

Answer 15

2 cells join at the junction
materials cannot get through

Question 16

gap junction

Answer 16

allows for cell-cell communication

Question 17

antiporters

Answer 17

transport 2 substances in opposite directions
1 substance into cell
1 substance out of cell

Question 18

symporters

Answer 18

transports 2 substances in the same direction

Question 19

primary active transport

Answer 19

atp directly from atp hydrolysis
energy from atp hydrolysis changes protein shape and allows for it to transport

Question 20

secondary active transport

Answer 20

atp is used indirectly
energy from primary ion gradient
the downhill diffusion of one drives the uphill of another

Question 21

vesicular transport

Answer 21

bulk transport
transports entire vesicles into or out of cells

Question 22

endocytosis

Answer 22

bulk transport into cells

Question 23

exocytosis

Answer 23

bulk transport out of cells

Question 24

organelles

Answer 24

mini organs in a cell

Question 25

endomembrane system

Answer 25

organelles that have their own membrane

Question 26

organelles in the endomembrane system

Answer 26

mitochondria nucleus er golgi peroxisomes lysosomes

Question 27

non-membranous organelles

Answer 27

ribosomes cytoskeleton centrioles

Question 28

mitochondria

Answer 28

produces most of cells energy (atp) double membrane takes glucose +oxygen to make atp

Question 29

nucleus

Answer 29

stores dna in the form of chromatin

Question 30

main structures of nucleus

Answer 30

nuclear envelope nucleolus chromatin

Question 31

where are ribosomes synthesized

Answer 31

nucleolus

Question 32

how do ribosomes get out of the nucleus

Answer 32

nuclear pores

Question 33

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 33

smooth and rough

Question 34

rough er

Answer 34

has ribosomes site of protein synthesis

Question 35

smooth er

Answer 35

synthesizes lipids detox stores calcium

Question 36

ribosomes

Answer 36

site of protein synthesis

Question 37

types of ribosomes

Answer 37

1.) free in cytosol 2.) bound on rough er

Question 38

golgi

Answer 38

boxes things and ships them out

Question 39

what does golgi pack things into

Answer 39

secretory vesicles

Question 40

types secretory vesicles

Answer 40

1.) peroxisomes 2.) lysosomes

Question 41

peroxisomes

Answer 41

break down toxins white blood cells

Question 42

lysosomes

Answer 42

break down bacteria liver

Question 43

cytoskeleton

Answer 43

cell structure allows cells to get bigger/smaller as they move through body

Question 44

parts of cytoskeleton

Answer 44

1.) microfilliments 2.) intermediete filaments 3.) microtubules

Question 45

centrosomes

Answer 45

part of cytoskeleton assemble microtubules involved in dna division (pulls chromatids apart during cell division) organelles near nucleus made of 2 centrioles

Question 46

centrioles

Answer 46

assemble microtubules in a certain order makeup centrosomes

Question 47

cellular extensions

Answer 47

1.) cillia 2.) flagella 3.) microvilli

Question 48

cilia

Answer 48

push things passed cell across membrane in one direction

Question 49

flagella

Answer 49

move entire cell

Question 50

microvilli

Answer 50

extensions of membrane gives more SA for absorption

Question 51

cell cycle

Answer 51

1.) interphase 2.) mitotic phase

Question 52

interphase

Answer 52

cell grows and carries out normal functions

Question 53

mitotic phase

Answer 53

parent cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells

Question 54

mitosis steps

Answer 54

1.) prophase 2.) metaphse 3.) anaphase 4.) telophase

Question 54

prmitosis steps

Answer 54

1.) prophase 2.) metaphse 3.) anaphase 4.) telophase

Question 55

prophase

Answer 55

- chromatin condenses into chromosomes - nuclear envelope disappears - centrioles form microtubules between them - centromeres move from nucleus and head to opposite ends of cell to hold chromotids

Question 56

metaphase

Answer 56

chromosomes meet in middle

Question 57

anaphase

Answer 57

chromosomes break apart chromatids go towards centrioles

Question 58

telophase

Answer 58

nuclear envelope reappears

Question 59

cytokinesis

Answer 59

cell splits into 2

Question 60

mrna

Answer 60

rna copy of a piece of dna goes out of nucleus ---> ribosomes

Question 61

trna

Answer 61

brings correct amino acid to build polypeptide

Question 62

rrna

Answer 62

type of rna that makes up a ribosome

Question 63

transcription

Answer 63

in nucleus rna brings instructions for protein synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes

Question 64

translation

Answer 64

in ribosomes rna ---> proteins

Question 65

translation

Answer 65

in ribosomes rna ---> proteins