Chapter 4 - Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodative strategy

A

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem

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2
Q

Concentration of effect

A

the total harm or benefit that an act produces on the average person

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3
Q

Conventional level of moral development

A

the second level of moral development, in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectation

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4
Q

Defensive strategy

A

a social responsiveness strategy in which a company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations

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5
Q

Discretionary responsibilities

A

the social roles that a company fulfills beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

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6
Q

Economic responsibility

A

a company’s social responsibility to make a profit by producing a valued product or service

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7
Q

Employee shrinkage

A

employee theft of company merchandise

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8
Q

Ethical behavior

A

behavior that conforms to a society’s accepted principles of right and wrong

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9
Q

Ethical intensity

A

the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue

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10
Q

Ethical responsibility

A

a company’s social responsibility not to violate accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting its business

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11
Q

Ethics

A

the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group

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12
Q

Legal responsibility

A

a company’s social responsibility to obey society’s laws and regulations

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13
Q

Magnitude of consequences

A

the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

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14
Q

Overt integrity test

A

a written test that estimates job applicants’ honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors

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15
Q

Personal aggression

A

hostile or aggressive behavior toward others

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16
Q

Personality-based integrity test

A

a written test that indirectly estimates job applicants’ honesty by measuring psychological traits, such as dependability and conscientiousness

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17
Q

Political deviance

A

using one’s influence to harm others in the company

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18
Q

Postconventional level of moral development

A

the third level of moral development, in which people make decisions based on internalized principles

19
Q

Preconventional level of moral development

A

the first level of moral development, in which people make decisions based on selfish reasons

20
Q

Primary stakeholder

A

any group on which an organization relies for its long-term survival

21
Q

Principle of distributive justice

A

an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that harms the least fortunate among us: the poor, the uneducated, the unemployed

22
Q

Principle of government requirements

A

an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that violates the law, for the law represents the minimal moral standard

23
Q

Principle of individual rights

A

an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that infringes on others’ agreed-upon rights

24
Q

Principle of long-term self-interest

A

an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not in your or your organization’s long-term self-interest

25
Principle of personal virtue
an ethical principle that holds that you should never do anything that is not honest, open, and truthful and that you would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on TV
26
Principle of religious injunctions
an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that is not kind and that does not build a sense of community
27
Principle of utilitarian benefits
an ethical principle that holds that you should never take any action that does not result in greater good for society
28
Proactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society expects to take responsibility for and address the problem
29
Probability of effect
the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others
30
Production deviance
unethical behavior that hurts the quality and quantity of work produced
31
Property deviance
unethical behavior aimed at the organization’s property or products
32
Proximity of effect
the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance between a decision maker and those affected by his or her decisions
33
Reactive strategy
a social responsiveness strategy in which a company does less than society expects
34
Secondary stakeholder
any group that can influence or be influenced by a company and can affect public perceptions about the company’s socially responsible behavior
35
Shareholder model
a view of social responsibility that holds that an organization’s overriding goal should be profit maximization for the benefit of shareholders
36
Social consensus
agreement on whether behavior is bad or good
37
Social responsibility
a business’s obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society
38
Social responsiveness
a company’s strategy to respond to stakeholders’ economic, legal, ethical, or discretionary expectations concerning social responsibility
39
Stakeholder model
a theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management’s most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders
40
Stakeholders
persons or groups with a stake, or legitimate interest, in a company’s actions
41
Temporal immediacy
the time between an act and the consequences the act produces
42
Whistle-blowing
reporting others’ ethics violations to management or legal authorities
43
Workplace deviance
unethical behavior that violates organizational norms about right and wrong