Chapter 4 - Sports Psychology Flashcards
Define Skill [1]
A learned action or behaviour which is regularly practiced. [1]
Define ability [1]
An inherited, stable trait of a person which determines the potential to learn a skill. [1]
Define a basic and complex skill [2]
Give examples of each skill [2]
Basic - Simple skills not requiring much concentration [1]
Complex - Skills requiring a great amount of concentration [1]
Basic skill - Throwing/catching a ball [1]
Complex skill - Successful pole vault [1]
Define open and closed skills [2]
Give an example of each skill [2]
Explain why your chosen open skill can be classed as an open skill [2]
Open - Skills directly affect by the environment [1]
Closed - Skills not affected by the environment [1]
Open Skill - Tackling in rugby [1]
Closed Skill - Diving [1]
Model Answer:
Tackling in rugby is an open skill as the player must react and adjust [1] to where an opponent is and decide which tackling technique to use [1].
Define self and externally paced skills [2]
Give an example of each skill [2]
Self Paced - Skills performed when the performer decides to start. [1]
Externally Paced - Skills performed in response to a self paced skill. [1]
Self Paced - Serving in table tennis [1]
Externally paced - Reacting to a serve in squash [1]
Explain the difference between a gross movement skill and a fine movement skill and give an example of each. [4]
Model Answer:
- A gross movement skill uses large muscle groups to perform powerful movements [1] which would be useful for events such as triple jump [1]. However, a fine movement skill uses small muscle groups to create a precise movement [1] which would be useful for a golf putt in golf [1].
What are the uses of performance and outcome goals? [2]
Performance goals are used to set personal goals for an individual to achieve. [1]
Outcome goals are used to focus on the end result or goal in mind [1]
Describe each of the 5 components of SMART target setting [5]
Specific - Should be specific to the demands of the sport. [1]
Measurable - Possible to measure the specific target. [1]
Accepted - Should be accepted by the performer and coach [1]
Realistic - Should be possible to achieve [1]
Time-bound - Should be completed in a set time [1]
State the 4 stages of information processing in order [4]
- Input [1]
- Decision making [1]
- Output [1]
- Feedback [1]
What are the 4 types of guidance which a coach could use to aid a performer? [4]
- Visual [1]
- Verbal [1]
- Manual [1]
- Mechanical [1]
Evaluate 2 advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance [8]
Advantages:
- Useful for dangerous skills [1] therefore can prevent early injury which could prevent the performer from competing. [1]
- Allows to build performers confidence [1] therefore can help performer perform effectively and consistently. [1]
Disadvantages:
- Equipment can be expensive [1] and therefore won’t be able to be bought easily. [1]
- The performer can rely on the equipment [1] therefore will reduce their confidence in their abilities to perform [1].
Describe the 4 types of feedback [4]
Positive feedback - What was good about a performance. [1]
Negative feedback - What can be improved on. [1]
Intrinsics feedback - Feedback from a performer within. [1]
Extrinsic feedback - Feedback from the performers environment [1]
Define Arousal [1]
A state of physical and mental readiness and alertness [1].
Describe what the ‘inverted - U’ theory is. [3]
A performer reaches optimal performance at the right level of arousal [1].
Too much arousal can affect performance [1].
But too little arousal means the performer is not mentally and physically ready. [1]
Give 3 ways in which arousal level can be controlled [3].
- Deep breathing [1]
- Mental rehearsal [1]
- Positive Self-talk [1]
Explain how deep breathing can help control arousal levels. [3]
Increases supply of oxygen to the brain [1].
Therefore, reduces arousal [1]
And reduces anxiety and stress.[1]
Describe the difference between indirect and direct aggression. [4]
Direct aggression is aimed at other players [1]
Can be used as long as it is a legal move [1]
Indirect aggression is aimed at objects [1]
Can be used to gain a slight advantage in a game [1].
Define introvert [1]
Someone who is quiet and reserved, and enjoys individual sports. [1]
Define extrovert [1]
A sociable and active person, who normally enjoys team sports [1].
Give 1 sport that a introvert and an extrovert are likely to participate in. [2]
Introvert:
- Golf, running, gymnastics, climbing, archery [1]
Extrovert:
- Football, rugby, hockey, cricket, basketball. [1]
Define motivation [1]
The drive to succeed [1]
Define intrinsic motivation and give 1 example [2]
The drive that comes from within [1] which would be an increase in self worth while participating in a sport [1]
Define extrinsic motivation and give 1 example [2]
Drive to perform well to earn external rewards [1]. An example would be aiming to win prize money for a tournament. [1]
Describe how the information processing model functions [6]
Input - Information is taken in by the 5 senses [1]. Selective attention is also used to focus on specific senses [1]
Decision making - Selected data is analysed [1] and an appropriate response from the long-term memory is selected [1]
Output - The selected decision is carried out by specific muscles [1]
Feedback - Data is received and stored in the long-term memory. [1] Can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
