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AQA Physical Education > Chapter 3 - Physical Training > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Physical Training Flashcards

1
Q

Define what is meant by health.

A
  • Fitness is a state of complete physical, mental and social health, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
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2
Q

A person needs to be fit enough to be able to carry out regular tasks, such as walking up stairs. Define what is meant by fitness.

A
  • Fitness is the ability to meet or cope with the demands of the environment.
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3
Q

Fitness for physical activities can be broken down into 10 components. Name these 10 components.

A
  • Muscular Endurance
  • Power
  • Cardiovascular Endurance
  • Speed
  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Reaction Time
  • Flexibility
  • Coordination
  • Strength
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4
Q

State the definition of agility.

Explain why agility would be important for a basketball player. (2)

A
  • Agility is the ability to be able to change direction quickly while maintaining control.
  • Agility would be important for a basketball player so that the player could quickly change direction (1) after a hoop had been scored and being able to dodge around a opponent while maintaining control (1) of the ball.
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5
Q

What is coordination?

A
  • The ability to use 2 or more parts of the body smoothly.
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6
Q

State the definition of flexibility and give an activity where flexibility can be useful.

A
  • Flexibility is the range of movements possible at a joint.

- A dancer.

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7
Q

Define muscular endurance. Give and explain an example of a sport which requires good muscular endurance.

A
  • Ability of a muscle to undergo repeated contractions while avoiding fatigue.
  • Rowing needs good muscular endurance to be able to continue rowing for a long period of time without muscle fatigue.
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8
Q

Define reaction time. Give and explain a sport which reaction time is useful in.

A
  • The time taken to respond to a stimulus.

- Tennis players need good reaction time to be able to react to the ball being hit in any direction.

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9
Q

What is power?

Give the equation used to calculate power.

A
  • The product of strength and speed.

Power = Strength x Speed

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10
Q

Give an example of someone who might need good cardiovascular endurance.

A
  • A marathon runner would need good cardiovascular endurance as you would need to be running at a moderate intensity for a long period of time.
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11
Q

Why does a gymnast need good balance?

A
  • They need good balance in order to keep their body stable and maintain their Centre of Mass while performing movements.
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12
Q

Define strength and give the 4 different types of strength.

A
  • The ability to overcome resistance.
  • Maximal Strength
  • Static Strength
  • Explosive Strength
  • Dynamic Strength
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13
Q

What is Speed?

A
  • Maximum rate in which an individual can perform a movement.
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14
Q

Give 4 reasons for fitness testing.

A
  • Motivation
  • Identify strengths/weaknesses
  • Establishing starting level of fitness
  • Variety
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15
Q

Give at least 4 out of 6 limitations of fitness testing.

A
  • General and not sport specific
  • Tests don’t replicate movement in sports
  • Conducted in isolation, don’t replicate competitive conditions
  • High level of motivation needed
  • Questionable reliability
  • Correct procedure needed
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16
Q

Define quantitative and qualitative data.

A

Quantitative - Data focusing on measuring factors involving numbers
Qualitative - Data focusing on understanding reasons behind things.

17
Q

Describe a fitness test for someone who would like to measure their cardiovascular endurance in preparation for a marathon. [6]

A
  • Set a pair of markers 20 meters apart. [1]
  • When the recording of bleeps begin, run from 1 marker to the other before the next bleep sounds. [1]
  • Wait until the next bleep sounds to start running again. [1]
  • Time between bleeps shorten, so you have to run faster. [1]
  • If you fail to reach a marker before a bleep, a warning is given. If you miss again, the test is over. [1]
  • Compare results with the national average. [1]
18
Q

Describe a fitness test for someone preparing to run in a 100m event. [5]

A
  • Set a pair of cones 30m apart [1]
  • Start from a stationary position behind the starting line [1]
  • While being timed, run as fast as possible to the other cone [1]
  • You have 2 attempts. Best score is recorded. [1]
  • Compare results to national average [1]
19
Q

Coordination is important for a table tennis player. Describe a test for coordination.

A
  • Use marking tape to mark a line 2m from a wall [1]
  • Stand behind the mark [1]
  • Throw the ball underhand with your left hand, and catch with your right. [1]
  • Repeat this action with your right hand and continue throwing the ball for 30s [1]
  • Compare results with national average. [1]
20
Q

Give the full meaning of the acronym SPORT.

A
  • Specificity
  • Progressive Overload
  • Tedium
  • Reversibility.
21
Q

What are the principles of overload? Give a brief explanation of each.

A

Frequency - How often you train.
Intensity - How hard you train.
Time - How long you train for.
Type - Specific method of training.

22
Q

What is your aerobic training zone?

A
  • The ability to work aerobically at 60-80% of MHR.
23
Q

What is your anaerobic training zone?

A
  • The ability to work anaerobically at 80-90% of your MHR.
24
Q

How do you calculate your MHR?

A

220 - Your Age

25
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of circuit training.

A

Advantages:

  • Easy to set up.
  • Flexible. Can train many components of fitness.
  • Large groups can train.

Disadvantages:

  • Large space required.
  • Not suited for individual training.
  • Technique affected by fatigue. Increased risk of injury.
25
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of circuit training.

A

Advantages:

  • Easy to set up.
  • Flexible. Can train many components of fitness.
  • Large groups can train.

Disadvantages:

  • Large space required.
  • Not suited for individual training.
  • Technique affected by fatigue. Increased risk of injury.
26
Q

Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of plyometric training for a high jumper.

A 
Advantages:
- Need little equipment.
- Short, high intensity workout.
- Simulates movements in sports.
Disadvantages:
- Long recovery (3 days).
- Requires good strength/muscular endurance.
- Can cause stress on joints and muscle soreness.
27
Q

Give 5 ways that a football player could prevent injury.

A
  • Do not over train.
  • Keep hydrated.
  • Wear appropriate clothing and footwear
  • Stretch. don’t overstretch or bounce while stretching.
  • Use correct techniques.
  • Warm up and cool down.
  • Rest and recover.
28
Q

What does the Pre - Season focus on?

A
  • Building up general fitness.
  • Training specific components of fitness.
  • Practicing specific skills and techniques.
29
Q

What is the competitive season for?

A
  • Concentrating on maintaining fitness.

- Practicing skills and technique.

30
Q

What is the Post - Season?

A
  • The season where performers rest and maintain a general level of fitness.
31
Q

Why is a warm up important? Give 3 reasons.

A
  • Raises body temperature.
  • Increases range of movement.
  • Increases amount of oxygen delivered to working muscles.
32
Q

Give the 4 stages of a warm up.

A
  • Pulse raiser (Running)
  • Stretching (Dynamic)
  • Skills Practice (Kicking a ball)
  • Mental Preparation (Positive self-talk)
33
Q

Why is a cool down important?

A
  • Recovery of muscles
  • Removes waste products (Lactic acid)
  • Prevents DOMS
34
Q

Describe a test to help identify an individual’s agility [6]

A

Set up 8 cones in a 5m wide and 10m long area [1]
Set up 4 cones in the middle, 3m apart [1]
Lie on your front facing the direction of the cone [1]
When the assistant says “GO”, run around the cones as fast as possible [1]
Follow the given path which has been decided [1]
Compare your time with national averages [1]

AQA Physical Education (9 decks)

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