Chapter 2 - Movement Analysis

Question 1

What do all levers consist of?

Answer 1

Fulcrum
Load
Effort

Question 2

Describe what a first class lever would be seen as in terms of the fulcrum, effort and the load.

Answer 2

The Fulcrum is in between the load and the effort.

(Load on the left, effort on the right)

Question 3

Describe the position of the fulcrum, effort and the load in a second class lever system.

Answer 3

The load is in between the fulcrum and the effort.

(Load in the middle, effort on the right)

Question 3

Describe the position of the fulcrum, effort and the load in a second class lever system.

Answer 3

The load is in between the fulcrum and the effort.

(Load in the middle, effort on the right)

Question 4

Describe a third class lever system.

Answer 4

The effort is in between the fulcrum and the load.

(Effort in the middle, load on the left)

Question 5

Give an example where each lever system may be used in real life.

Answer 5

1st - Seesaw and Javelin thrower
2nd - Wheelbarrow and a pushup
3rd - A hammer and kayaking

Question 6

What is a mechanical advantage?

Answer 6

When a lever’s effort arm is longer than its load arm.

Question 7

How do you calculate the mechanical advantage of a lever?

Answer 7

Effort arm divided by load arm. [1]

Question 8

Define the term ‘plane’

Answer 8

A non-existent line which can decide the direction of movement.

Question 9

What is an axis?

Answer 9

A non-existent line straight through the body around which it rotates.

Question 10

State the 3 planes.

Answer 10

Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane

Question 11

State the 3 axis.

Answer 11

Longitudinal axis
Sagittal axis
Transverse axis

Question 12

Give an example where each plane and axis could be used in a sport.

Answer 12

Frontal plane + Sagittal axis = Cartwheel
Transverse plane + Longitudinal axis = Front Flip
Sagittal plane + Transverse axis = Somersault

Question 13

Define flexion and extension.

Answer 13

Flexion = Decreasing the angle at a joint
Extension = Increasing the angle at a joint

Question 14

Define abduction and adduction.

Answer 14

Abduction - Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction - Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

Question 15

Define rotation

Answer 15

A circular movement around a joint or axis.

Question 16

Define Plantar and Dorsi flexion.

Answer 16

Plantar - A movement which increases the angle at the ankle joint.
Dorsi - A movement which decreases the angle at the ankle joint.

Question 17

Which movements do a first class lever allow? [2]

Answer 17

Flexion [1]
Extension [1]

Question 18

What movements do a second class lever allow? [2]

Answer 18

Plantar Flexion [1]
Dorsiflexion [1]

Question 19

Which movements do a third class lever system allow? [1]

Answer 19

Flexion [1]