Chapter 1 - Applied Anatomy and Physiology (1a - The Structure and Function of the Skeletal System)

Question 1

Identify the three bones located in the arm.

Answer 1

• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna

Question 2

Rugby is a sport which requires vital organs to be protected by bone. Name three bones that protect vital organs.

Answer 2

• Ribcage (Heart, Lungs)
• Cranium (Brain)
• Pelvis (Groin)

Question 3

Name the 4 bones found around the knee.

Answer 3

• Patella
• Fibula
• Tibia
• Femur

Question 4

Describe the six functions of the skeleton

Answer 4

1. Support - Keeps the body upright and in place.
2. Protection - Protection of vital organs e.g lungs, brain.
3. Movement - Providing anchor points for muscles to move.
4. Structure - Bones adapt to the shape of the body.
5. Mineral Storage - Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
6. Blood Cell Production - Bone marrow in bones produce white and red blood cells.

Question 5

What is the synovial joint?

Answer 5

• An area where two or more articulating bones meet

Question 6

Describe 3 other joints that reduce friction between bones.

Answer 6

• Synovial Fluid - Produced by synovial membrane to lubricate joints.
• Bursae - Fluid-filled bag reducing friction in a joint
• Cartilage - Covering ends of bones, providing a smooth, friction-free surface.

Question 7

What are the 2 types of joints?

Answer 7

• Hinge Joint

- Ball and Socket Joint

Question 8

Describe which movements a Hinge and Ball and Socket joint can provide and give an example for each.

Answer 8

• A hinge socket allows flexion and extension. An example of this is the elbow joint.
• A ball and Socket joint allows circumduction and rotation. An example of this is the shoulder joint.

Question 9

State the definition of Flexion, Extension and Abduction.

Answer 9

Flexion - Decreasing the angle of a joint
Extension - Increasing the angle of a joint
Abduction - Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 10

State the definition of Flexion, Extension and Abduction.

Answer 10

Flexion - Decreasing the angle of a joint
Extension - Increasing the angle of a joint
Abduction - Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 11

State the definition of Adduction, Rotation, and Plantar Flexion.

Answer 11

Adduction - Movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body
Rotation - Circular movement around a joint/ movement around an axis
Plantar Flexion - Movement of the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint.

Question 12

State the definition of Dorsiflexion and Circumduction.

Answer 12

Dorsiflexion - Movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the ankle joint.
Circumduction - Combination of Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.

Question 13

What attaches bone to muscles?

Answer 13

• Tendons

Question 14

What attaches bone to bones?

Answer 14

• Ligaments

Question 14

What attaches bone to bones?

Answer 14

• Ligaments

Question 14

What attaches bone to bones?

Answer 14

• Ligaments

Question 15

Identify the 3 bones at the ankle

Answer 15

• Tibia
• Fibula
• Talus

Question 16

What are the 4 types of bones in the human body?

Answer 16

• Flat bones
• Long bones
• Short bones
• Irregular bones

Question 17

What do the long and short bones do?

Answer 17

• Long bones enable gross movement

- Short bones enable fine movement

Question 18

State the function of flat bones and irregular bones.

Answer 18

• Irregular bones are shaped to protect.

- Flat bones protect vital organs.