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Anatomy > Chapter 4-Skin And Body Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Skin And Body Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of body membranes

A

. Cover body surfaces
. Line body cavities
. Form protective sheets around organs

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2
Q

How are body membranes classified

A

Tissue types

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of tissue types

A

. Epithelial membranes

. Connective tissue membranes

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4
Q

What is the 3 types of epithelial membranes

A

. Cutaneous
. Mucous
. Serous

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5
Q

What is the 1 type of connective tissue membrane

A

. Synovial

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6
Q

What are the 2 things about cutaneous membranes

A

. Dry membrane

. Outermost protective boundary

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7
Q

What are the 2 things that make up the cutaneous membrane

A

. Epidermis

. Dermis

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8
Q

What is the epidermis made of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

What is the 1 thing about mucous membranes

A

They are moist

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11
Q

Where are mucous membranes

A

All body cavities that are open to the exterior body surface

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12
Q

What are the 2 functions of mucous membranes

A

Absorption and secretion

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13
Q

What are mucous membranes made of

A

Epithelium and loose connective tissue

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14
Q

Where are serous membranes

A

Open body cavities closed to the exterior of the body

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15
Q

What are the 3 things about serous membranes

A

. Occur in pairs
. Separated by serous fluid
. Have 2 layers

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16
Q

What are the 2 layers of serous membranes

A

. Visceral

. Parietal

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17
Q

What are the 2 things serous membranes are made of

A

. Simple squamous epithelium

. Areolar connective tissue

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18
Q

What are the 3 specific serous membranes

A

. Peritoneum
. Pleura
. Pericardium

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19
Q

Where is peritoneum membranes found

A

Abdominal cavity

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20
Q

Where is pleura membranes found

A

The lungs

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21
Q

Where is pericardium membranes found

A

The heart

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22
Q

What are synovial membranes made of

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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23
Q

Where are synovial membranes found

A

Fibrous capsules surrounding joints

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24
Q

What do synovial membranes do

A

Secrete a lubricating fluid to cushion organs during muscle activity

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25
What 2 tissues make the skin
. Epidermis | . Dermis
26
What is the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the skin
Hypodermis
27
What does the hypodermis do
Anchors the skin to underlying organs
28
What is the hypodermis made of
Mostly adipose tissue
29
What are the 2 functions the hypodermis does
. Serves as shock absorber | . Insulates deeper tissue
30
What is the epidermis is capable of
Being hard and tough
31
What are the 3 things about the epidermis
. Outer layer . Avascular . Composed of 5 layers
32
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial
``` . Basale . Spinosum . Granulosum . Lucidum . Corneum ```
33
What are the 2 things about the stratum basale
. Deepest layer of epidermis | . Lies next to the dermis
34
What does the wavy borderline with the dermis do
Anchors the 2 together
35
The cells in the stratum basale are undergoing what
Mitosis
36
Why are the daughter cells in the stratum basale pushed upward
To become the more superficial layers
37
What happens to the stratum spinosum
Cells become flatter and more keratinized
38
What are stratum granulosum and lucidum formed from
Dead cells of the deeper strata
39
Where are stratum granulosum and lucidum found
Only in thick, hairless skin of the palms and soles of feet
40
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of what
The epidermis
41
The shingle like dead cells of the stratum corneum are filled with what
Keratin
42
What 3 pigments contribute to skin color
. Melanin . Carotene . Hemoglobin
43
What is melanin
Yellow, reddish brown or black pigments
44
What is carotene
Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
45
What is hemoglobin
Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries
46
What is redness (erythema) to the skin due from
Embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever or allergy
47
What is pallor (blanching) of the skin due from
Emotional stress, anemia, low blood pressure or impaired blood flow to an area
48
What does jaundice (yellow cast) indicate
Liver disorder
49
What are bruises (black and blue marks)
Hematomas
50
What type of glands are all cutaneous glands
Exocrine
51
What are the 2 types of cutaneous glands
. Sebaceous | . Sweat
52
Where are sebaceous glands located
All over the skin except palms or soles
53
What does sebaceous glands produce
Sebum
54
What are the 3 things sebum does
. Makes skin soft . Prevents hair from becoming brittle . Kills bacteria
55
What are the 2 places sebaceous gland ducts empty
. Hair follicles | . Onto skin surface
56
When are sebaceous glands activated
Puberty
57
What do sweat (sudorierous) glands do
Produce sweat
58
What are the 2 types of sweat glands
. Eccrine | . Apocrine
59
Where are eccrine glands located
Ducts to sweat pores on the skins surface
60
What type of sweat does eccrine glands produce
Acidic
61
What is the function of eccrine glands
Body temperature regulation
62
Where do apocrine ducts empty
Hair follicles in the armpit and genitals
63
When do apocrine glands begin to function
Puberty
64
What does the sweat from apocrine glands contain
Fatty acids and proteins
65
Where does hair grow
Matrix of the hair bulb in stratum basale
66
What are the 3 layers of hair from deepest to most superficial
. Medulla . Cortex . Cuticle
67
What is the hair follicle made of
Epithelial root sheath and fibrous sheath
68
What does the dermal region provide in the hair follicle
Blood supply to the hair bulb
69
What does the arrector pili do in the hair follicle
Connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened
70
What are nails
Heavily keratinized, scalelike modifications of the epidermis
71
Why are the nails colorless
Lack of pigment
72
What is tissue damage and cell deaths cause by
. Heat . Electricity . UV radiation . Chemicals
73
What are the 2 things about first degree burn
. When only the epidermis is damaged | . Skin is red and swollen
74
What are the 3 things about second degree burn
. Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged . Skin is red, painful and blistered . Regrowth of epithelium occurs
75
What are the 3 things about third degree burns
. Destroys epidermis and dermis . Requires skin grafts . Brined area is blanched or black

Anatomy (7 decks)

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