chapter 4: skeletal systen Flashcards
how much of the body weight is made up of bones?
20%
what does the skeletal system consist of?
bones
cartilage
joints
associated ligaments
describe the bone in terms of collagen and matrix
collagen fibers within a matrix of calcium phpsphate
describe cartilages in terms of collagen and matrix
collagen fibers within a matrix of rubbery substance called chondrin
what is the rubbery substance found in the matrix of cartilages?
chondrin
what is chondrin and where can we find it?
rubbery substance found in the matrix of cartilages
name two functions of cartilages
covers bone tips and reduces friction
provides smooth and flexible cushioning
what tissue are ligaments made of?
dense connective tissue
where in bones is fat stored?
fat is stored in yellow marrow cavities in bones
name three reasons calcium is needed in the blood
transmitting messages in nervous system
enabling moskel contraction
blood clotting
how is calcium needed for blood clotting?
calcium helps convert prothrombin to thrombin
where in bones does hematopoiesis occur?
in red bone marrow
name three examples of axial skeleton bones
skull
thoracic cage
vertebral column
name four examples of appendicular skeleton
upper and lower limbs
shoulder girdle
pelvic girdle
differentiate between compact and spongy bones in terms of consistency
- dense, smooth, hard and homogenous
- spikey, open appearance
differentiate between compact and spongy bones in terms of function
- provides structural support
- provides structural support + stores bone marrow
in which type bone are medullary cavities found?
long bones
name the long bones in the upper limb
humerus
ulna
radius
metacarpals
phalanges
name the long bones in the lower limb
femur
fibula
tibia
metatarsals
phalanges
T or F:
short bones are cube shaped and are made of a 2 CB layers surrounding a SB layer
falsy
second statement applies to flat bones
which type of bones are flattened, curved and they protect internal organs?
flat bones
which one of the following is NOT a short bone?
A) carpals
B) cranial bones
C) tarsals
D) sesamoid bones
B
Which component of bone connective tissue provides flexibility and tensile strength?
a) Hydroxyapatite b) Collagen fibers c) Water d) Chondrin
b
What is the main function of the epiphyseal plate in children?
a) Bone remodeling b) Bone growth c) Hematopoiesis d) Mineral storage
b
Which bone classification is characterized by being generally cube-shaped and mostly spongy?
a) Long bones b) Flat bones c) Short bones d) Irregular bones
c
T or F:
The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.
falsy
that’s appendicular skeleton
T or F:
the periosteum is involved in bone repair and formation.
truey
T or F:
the endosteum is involved in bone repair and formation.
falsy
periosteum
T or F:
Spongy bone is responsible for providing structural support and storing bone marrow.
truey
T or F:
compact bone is responsible for providing structural support and storing bone marrow.
falsy
spongy bone
T or F:
Compact bone has a spiky appearance like a sponge.
falsy
spongy
T or F:
In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the cavities of long bones.
falsy
either cavities in spongy bones or epiphysis of long bones
T or F:
In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the epiphysis of spongy bones.
falsy
either cavities in spongy bones or epiphysis of long bones
What is the main organic component of bone matrix that gives flexibility?
collagen fibers
In adults, red marrow is mainly found in which type of bones?
Spongy cavities in Flat bones and epiphyses of some long bones
T or F:
The medullary cavity in infants contains yellow marrow.
falsy
contains red BM for bl. cell formation
The _______ is a layer of fibrous tissue that covers the outside of the bone.
Periosteum
Long bones are mostly made up of _______ bone surrounding _______ bone.
Compact; spongy
Which part of a long bone is responsible for growth in length?
Epiphyseal plate
The primary function of flat bones is to facilitate movement.
falsy
it is to protect internal organs
