chapter 4: skeletal systen

Question 1

how much of the body weight is made up of bones?

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

what does the skeletal system consist of?

Answer 2

bones
cartilage
joints
associated ligaments

Question 3

describe the bone in terms of collagen and matrix

Answer 3

collagen fibers within a matrix of calcium phpsphate

Question 4

describe cartilages in terms of collagen and matrix

Answer 4

collagen fibers within a matrix of rubbery substance called chondrin

Question 5

what is the rubbery substance found in the matrix of cartilages?

Answer 5

chondrin

Question 6

what is chondrin and where can we find it?

Answer 6

rubbery substance found in the matrix of cartilages

Question 7

name two functions of cartilages

Answer 7

covers bone tips and reduces friction
provides smooth and flexible cushioning

Question 8

what tissue are ligaments made of?

Answer 8

dense connective tissue

Question 9

where in bones is fat stored?

Answer 9

fat is stored in yellow marrow cavities in bones

Question 10

name three reasons calcium is needed in the blood

Answer 10

transmitting messages in nervous system
enabling moskel contraction
blood clotting

Question 11

how is calcium needed for blood clotting?

Answer 11

calcium helps convert prothrombin to thrombin

Question 12

where in bones does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 12

in red bone marrow

Question 13

name three examples of axial skeleton bones

Answer 13

skull
thoracic cage
vertebral column

Question 14

name four examples of appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

upper and lower limbs
shoulder girdle
pelvic girdle

Question 15

differentiate between compact and spongy bones in terms of consistency

Answer 15

1. dense, smooth, hard and homogenous
2. spikey, open appearance

Question 16

differentiate between compact and spongy bones in terms of function

Answer 16

1. provides structural support
2. provides structural support + stores bone marrow

Question 17

in which type bone are medullary cavities found?

Answer 17

long bones

Question 18

name the long bones in the upper limb

Answer 18

humerus
ulna
radius
metacarpals
phalanges

Question 19

name the long bones in the lower limb

Answer 19

femur
fibula
tibia
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 20

T or F:
short bones are cube shaped and are made of a 2 CB layers surrounding a SB layer

Answer 20

falsy
second statement applies to flat bones

Question 21

which type of bones are flattened, curved and they protect internal organs?

Answer 21

flat bones

Question 22

which one of the following is NOT a short bone?

A) carpals

B) cranial bones

C) tarsals

D) sesamoid bones

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which component of bone connective tissue provides flexibility and tensile strength?

a) Hydroxyapatite
b) Collagen fibers
c) Water
d) Chondrin

Answer 23

b

Question 24

What is the main function of the epiphyseal plate in children?

a) Bone remodeling
b) Bone growth
c) Hematopoiesis
d) Mineral storage

Answer 24

b

Question 25

Which bone classification is characterized by being generally cube-shaped and mostly spongy?

a) Long bones
b) Flat bones
c) Short bones
d) Irregular bones

Answer 25

c

Question 26

T or F:
The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.

Answer 26

falsy
that’s appendicular skeleton

Question 27

T or F:
the periosteum is involved in bone repair and formation.

Answer 27

truey

Question 28

T or F:
the endosteum is involved in bone repair and formation.

Answer 28

falsy
periosteum

Question 29

T or F:
Spongy bone is responsible for providing structural support and storing bone marrow.

Answer 29

truey

Question 30

T or F:
compact bone is responsible for providing structural support and storing bone marrow.

Answer 30

falsy
spongy bone

Question 31

T or F:
Compact bone has a spiky appearance like a sponge.

Answer 31

falsy
spongy

Question 32

T or F:
In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the cavities of long bones.

Answer 32

falsy
either cavities in spongy bones or epiphysis of long bones

Question 33

T or F:
In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the epiphysis of spongy bones.

Answer 33

falsy
either cavities in spongy bones or epiphysis of long bones

Question 34

What is the main organic component of bone matrix that gives flexibility?

Answer 34

collagen fibers

Question 35

In adults, red marrow is mainly found in which type of bones?

Answer 35

Spongy cavities in Flat bones and epiphyses of some long bones

Question 36

T or F:
The medullary cavity in infants contains yellow marrow.

Answer 36

falsy
contains red BM for bl. cell formation

Question 37

The _______ is a layer of fibrous tissue that covers the outside of the bone.

Answer 37

Periosteum

Question 38

Long bones are mostly made up of _______ bone surrounding _______ bone.

Answer 38

Compact; spongy

Question 39

Which part of a long bone is responsible for growth in length?

Answer 39

Epiphyseal plate

Question 40

The primary function of flat bones is to facilitate movement.

Answer 40

falsy
it is to protect internal organs