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Psychology 1 > Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Illusion

A

perception in which the way we perceive a stimulus does not match reality

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2
Q

Sensation

A

detection of physical energy by sense organs, which then send information to the brain

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3
Q

Sense organs

A

Eyes, ears, skin, nose, tongue

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4
Q

Perception

A

The brain’s interpretation of raw sensory inputs

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5
Q

Transduction

A

First step of sensation, where the nervous system converts external energy or substance into electrical activity within neurons

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6
Q

Sense receptor

A

specialized cell that converts external stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system

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7
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

After we first detect a stimulus (and subsequent activation occurs), our response decreases in strength

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8
Q

Psychophysics

A

the study of how we perceive sensory stimuli based on their physical characteristics

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9
Q

Absolute threshold

A

the lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time

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10
Q

The “just noticeable difference” (JND)

A

smallest change in intensity of a stimulus that we can detect

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11
Q

Weber’s Law

A

there is a constant proportional relationship between the JND and the original intensity of stimulus

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12
Q

Signal detection theory

A

theory regarding how stimuli are detected under different conditions

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13
Q

Response biases

A

j

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14
Q

McGurk effect

A

k

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15
Q

Synesthesia

A

condition in which people experience cross-modal sensations

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16
Q

Mirror-touch synesthesia

A

When a person experiences the same sensation that another person experiences, such as touch

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17
Q

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

A

When words are associated with specific tastes or textures

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18
Q

Chromesthesia

A

Sounds trigger the experience of color

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19
Q

Personification (synesthesia)

A

Numbers, letters, or days of the week take on personality characteristics and sometimes even a characteristic appearance.

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20
Q

Number-form synesthesia

A

Numbers are imagined as mental maps

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21
Q

Spatial sequence synesthesia

A

Certain sequences of numbers, dates, or months are perceived as closer or farther in space.

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22
Q

Selective attention

A

process of selecting one sensory system and ignoring or minimizing the others

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23
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

j

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24
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failing to detect stimuli in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere

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25
Q

change blindness

A

Failure to detect obvious changes in environment

26
Q

the binding problem

A

combining diverse pieces of information into a unified whole.

27
Q

signal-to-noise ratio

A

(connection to signal detection theory)

28
Q

dichotic listening

A

j

29
Q

light

A

form of electromagnetic energy

30
Q

hue

A

color of light

31
Q

additive color mixing

A

mixing primary colors to make any other color

32
Q

subtractive color mixing

A

d

33
Q

sclera

A

j

34
Q

iris

A

j

35
Q

pupil

A

hole through which light enters eye

36
Q

cornea

A

curved transparent layer over the iris and pupil that bends light in order to focus it

37
Q

lens

A

also curved but can change its curvature to keep an image in focus

38
Q

Accommodation

A

Changing shape of lens to focus on objects near or far

39
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness: when images are focus in front of the rear of the eye because our cornea is too steep or our eyes are too long. Can see close objects, but not those far away

40
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness: when our cornea is too flat, and our eyes are too short. Can see objects far away, but not close ones

41
Q

retina

A

a

42
Q

fovea

A

a

43
Q

acuity

A

sharpness of vision

44
Q

rods

A

e

45
Q

cones

A

color

46
Q

dark adaptation

A

when you enter a dark room after being in a brightly lit environment

47
Q

photopigments

A

a

48
Q

rhodopsin

A

a

49
Q

ganglion cells

A

f

50
Q

optic nerve

A

j

51
Q

optic chiasm

A

j

52
Q

blind spot

A

where the optic nerve connects to the retina

53
Q

feature detection

A

j

54
Q

feature detection cells

A

j

55
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

j

56
Q

opponent theory process

A

a

57
Q

visual agnosia

A

a

58
Q

audition

A

j

59
Q

timbre

A

quality

60
Q

loudness

A

amplitude

61
Q

pitch

A

s

Psychology 1 (8 decks)

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