Chapter 11: Emotion/Motivation Flashcards
emotion
mental state or feeling associated with our evaluation of our experiences
discrete emotions theory
theory that humans only experience a small number of distinct emotions that have biological roots and serve evolutionary functions. They can combine in many complex ways.
universal emotions
if evolutionary, emotions should be universal across cultures.
7 primary emotions
happiness, disgust, fear, anger, sadness, surprise, and contempt
Secondary emotions
different combinations of primary emotions
display rules
Cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions.
cognitive theories of emotion
theories proposing that emotions are products of thinking
James-Lange theory
cognitive theory of emotion proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
somatic marker theory
cognitive theory of emotion proposing that we use our “gut reactions” to help us determine how we should act
Cannon-Bard theory
cognitive theory of emotion proposing that an emotion-evoking event leads to the simultaneous emotional and bodily reactions
two-fact theory
cognitive theory of emotion proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated arousal, followed by an attempt to find an explanation for the arousal.
mere exposure effect
phenomenon where repeated exposure to stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorably toward it
facial feedback hypothesis
theory that blood vessels in face feed back temperature information in the brain, altering our experiences of emotions
nonverbal leakage
unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior
illustrators
gestures (often with hands) made while talking for emphasis or to highlight what we’re saying.
manipulators
gestures we make when we are stressed
emblem
culture-specific gestures that convey a certain meaning
proxemics
the study of personal space
polygraph
a
Pinocchio response
supposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying
broaden and build theory
theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly
affective forecasting
predicting our own and others’ happiness. We’re pretty bad at it.
durability bias
belief that our good and bad emotions will last longer than they usually do
hedonic treadmill
tendency for our emotions to adapt to external circumstances
