Chapter 2: Research Methods Flashcards
Facilitated communication
example of poor research design
Prefrontal lobotomy
early 20th century practice of severing the fibers connecting the brain’s frontal lobes from the underlying thalamus.
Intuitive thinking (System 1)
quick thinking
Analytical thinking (System 2)
slow, more time consuming thinking.
Heuristic
a mental short-cut or rule of thumb. Part of our intuitive thinking.
The scientific method
life
Naturalistic observation
Research method of watching behavior in real-world settings, without manipulating the situation. High in external validity, low in internal validity.
External validity
The extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings.
Internal validity
The extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences (reasons).
Case study
Research method of examining one person or one small group of subjects, often for a long period of time. Helpful in providing existence proofs and for generating hypotheses.
Existence proof
“Demonstration that a given psychological phenomenon can occur.” Essentially, just one clear example.
plural of anecdote
issue with case studies
Self-report measures
Questionnaires, surveys,
Random selection
Procedure that makes sure every subject in population has equal chance of participating.
Reliability
consistent measurement
Test-retest reliability
yield similar scores over time
Interrater reliability
lk
Validity
f
response sets
Tendencies to distort someone’s self-reported answer, often so that it makes them look good
Halo effect
where one positive characteristic rating “spills over” and influences other characteristic ratings
horns effect
what
Correlational design
sdf
