Chapter 4: Reproductive Issues and Nursing Ethics Flashcards
Exam 2
What is a common definition of full moral standing?
Having moral importance
Personhood- how would many define it?
Many define as ability to have complex forms of consciousness.
What would most agree is necessary for personhood?
Most agree that sentience is required.
Basic potentiality view
Each person originates at time of conception.
Basic potentiality view: When does full moral standing begin
Full moral standing begins at origination.
Future-like-ours argument
A fetus has the potential to become a person with a future full-life experience.
Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- What kind of approach is this?
Science-based approach
Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- Science-based approach
States single-cell zygote is nonsentient
Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- Science-based approach
Sentience is not achieved until what?
Cell division is completed.
Individuation has occurred.
Individuation
the process by which an individual becomes distinct
Moral Standing of Humans: Interests View
What does it require?
The being has rights and interests at stake.
Those interests matter morally to the being.
The being is sentient enough to know what could be done to it.
Moral Standing of Humans: Interests View
What can you not assume rights without?
Cannot assume rights in absence of interests
Maternal–Fetal Conflict
When does it occur?
Occurs when pregnant woman’s interests conflict with those of the fetus
Maternal–Fetal Conflict: What are examples?
Maternal treatment is hazardous to fetus
Fetus is hazardous to mother
Woman engages in an unhealthy lifestyle
Maternal–Fetal Conflict: Why would woman engage in an unhealthy lifestyle while pregnant?
Women may lack awareness of potential harm.
Women must consent to maternal drug screening.
Providers must be aware of possible violations of privacy and liberty rights.
Maternal–Fetal Conflict:
Post-Roe Dual-care concept
Doctors and nurses are to consider the pregnant woman as two distinctly separate entities, providing dual care for each
Post-Roe Dual-care concept
What is there a potential for in some states?
Potential for criminal repercussions in some states for providers who provide care
Two types of Reproductive Rights?
- Liberty rights (negative rights)
- Claims rights (positive rights)
Liberty rights (negative rights)
Rights that cannot be prevented from being exercised
Claim rights (positive rights)
Rights owed to people through steps taken by others to ensure claim is met
Abortion rates: United States
United States, 1973–2021: 61 million
Abortion rates: Worldwide
since 1980: >1.6 billion
Roe v. Wade
Supreme Court decision: States can make laws to ban abortions in the third trimester and only in the first or second for particular reasons.
What did Roe v Wade do?
Federally legalized induced abortion
When was Roe v Wade overturned?
Overturned in 2022
Federal abortion ban
Prevents partial-birth abortion (Late-term abortion)
Federal abortion ban- what kind of abortion laws were they?
State-determined abortion laws
Regarding abortion, what must nurses and providers have?
Nurses and providers must FIRST have self-awareness of values and beliefs surrounding abortion care
Pro-Choice View- What are the two views?
Abortion is legally permissible.
Abortion is morally permissible.
Pro-Choice View- What are the arguments?
Fetus cannot survive outside of the woman.
Woman’s rights prevail over fetal rights.
Prochoice View- What is at the core of this decision?
The right to privacy is at the core.
Pro-Choice View- what does it include support of?
Support of emergency contraception
What are examples of support of emergency contraception
Postcoital birth control measures that delay ovulation
Pro-Life View- What are the two views?
Abortion is illegal.
Abortion is immoral.
Pro-Life View- What are the arguments?
Life and full moral status begin at conception.
Abortion is immoral and murderous.
Personhood of embryo
Fetus’s rights prevail over women’s rights.
What does the pro-life view NOT support?
Do not support emergency contraception
Reproductive Technology:
Why is there a frequency of assisted reproductive technology?
Increasing frequency of infertility as women age
What are the types of reproductive technology?
In vitro fertilization
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Conventional fertilization
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
What are the ethical issues involved in reproductive technology?
Risk resulting from the use of technology
Third-party involvement (Surrogacy/Donor eggs/sperm)
Surplus of reproductive products
Sperm sorting or gender selection
Genetic modification, screening, and testing
Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires knowledge of what?
Knowledge of reproductive terms and technologies
Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires respect for what?
Respect for cultural beliefs and practices
Respect for human dignity and autonomy
Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires protection for what?
Protection of patient rights
Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires acknowledgement of what?
Acknowledgment of personal values
