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Nurs 448 (Ethics) > Chapter 4: Reproductive Issues and Nursing Ethics > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Reproductive Issues and Nursing Ethics Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

What is a common definition of full moral standing?

A

Having moral importance

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2
Q

Personhood- how would many define it?

A

Many define as ability to have complex forms of consciousness.

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3
Q

What would most agree is necessary for personhood?

A

Most agree that sentience is required.

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4
Q

Basic potentiality view

A

Each person originates at time of conception.

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5
Q

Basic potentiality view: When does full moral standing begin

A

Full moral standing begins at origination.

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6
Q

Future-like-ours argument

A

A fetus has the potential to become a person with a future full-life experience.

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7
Q

Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- What kind of approach is this?

A

Science-based approach

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8
Q

Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- Science-based approach

A

States single-cell zygote is nonsentient

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9
Q

Moral Standing of Humans: Biological View- Science-based approach

Sentience is not achieved until what?

A

Cell division is completed.
Individuation has occurred.

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10
Q

Individuation

A

the process by which an individual becomes distinct

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11
Q

Moral Standing of Humans: Interests View

What does it require?

A

The being has rights and interests at stake.

Those interests matter morally to the being.

The being is sentient enough to know what could be done to it.

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12
Q

Moral Standing of Humans: Interests View

What can you not assume rights without?

A

Cannot assume rights in absence of interests

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13
Q

Maternal–Fetal Conflict
When does it occur?

A

Occurs when pregnant woman’s interests conflict with those of the fetus

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14
Q

Maternal–Fetal Conflict: What are examples?

A

Maternal treatment is hazardous to fetus

Fetus is hazardous to mother

Woman engages in an unhealthy lifestyle

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15
Q

Maternal–Fetal Conflict: Why would woman engage in an unhealthy lifestyle while pregnant?

A

Women may lack awareness of potential harm.

Women must consent to maternal drug screening.

Providers must be aware of possible violations of privacy and liberty rights.

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16
Q

Maternal–Fetal Conflict:

Post-Roe Dual-care concept

A

Doctors and nurses are to consider the pregnant woman as two distinctly separate entities, providing dual care for each

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17
Q

Post-Roe Dual-care concept

What is there a potential for in some states?

A

Potential for criminal repercussions in some states for providers who provide care

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18
Q

Two types of Reproductive Rights?

A
  1. Liberty rights (negative rights)
  2. Claims rights (positive rights)
19
Q

Liberty rights (negative rights)

A

Rights that cannot be prevented from being exercised

20
Q

Claim rights (positive rights)

A

Rights owed to people through steps taken by others to ensure claim is met

21
Q

Abortion rates: United States

A

United States, 1973–2021: 61 million

22
Q

Abortion rates: Worldwide

A

since 1980: >1.6 billion

23
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

Supreme Court decision: States can make laws to ban abortions in the third trimester and only in the first or second for particular reasons.

24
Q

What did Roe v Wade do?

A

Federally legalized induced abortion

25
Q

When was Roe v Wade overturned?

A

Overturned in 2022

26
Q

Federal abortion ban

A

Prevents partial-birth abortion (Late-term abortion)

27
Q

Federal abortion ban- what kind of abortion laws were they?

A

State-determined abortion laws

28
Q

Regarding abortion, what must nurses and providers have?

A

Nurses and providers must FIRST have self-awareness of values and beliefs surrounding abortion care

29
Q

Pro-Choice View- What are the two views?

A

Abortion is legally permissible.

Abortion is morally permissible.

30
Q

Pro-Choice View- What are the arguments?

A

Fetus cannot survive outside of the woman.

Woman’s rights prevail over fetal rights.

31
Q

Prochoice View- What is at the core of this decision?

A

The right to privacy is at the core.

32
Q

Pro-Choice View- what does it include support of?

A

Support of emergency contraception

33
Q

What are examples of support of emergency contraception

A

Postcoital birth control measures that delay ovulation

34
Q

Pro-Life View- What are the two views?

A

Abortion is illegal.
Abortion is immoral.

35
Q

Pro-Life View- What are the arguments?

A

Life and full moral status begin at conception.

Abortion is immoral and murderous.

Personhood of embryo

Fetus’s rights prevail over women’s rights.

36
Q

What does the pro-life view NOT support?

A

Do not support emergency contraception

37
Q

Reproductive Technology:
Why is there a frequency of assisted reproductive technology?

A

Increasing frequency of infertility as women age

37
Q

What are the types of reproductive technology?

A

In vitro fertilization
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Conventional fertilization
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Zygote intrafallopian transfer

38
Q

What are the ethical issues involved in reproductive technology?

A

Risk resulting from the use of technology
Third-party involvement (Surrogacy/Donor eggs/sperm)
Surplus of reproductive products
Sperm sorting or gender selection
Genetic modification, screening, and testing

39
Q

Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires knowledge of what?

A

Knowledge of reproductive terms and technologies

40
Q

Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires respect for what?

A

Respect for cultural beliefs and practices

Respect for human dignity and autonomy

41
Q

Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires protection for what?

A

Protection of patient rights

42
Q

Nursing Care of Childbearing Women & Navigating Ethics requires acknowledgement of what?

A

Acknowledgment of personal values

Nurs 448 (Ethics) (13 decks)

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