Chapter 4 pt.1

Question 1

Matter moves between __________, ____________, and __________ – between biotic and abiotic components

Answer 1

ecosystems
environments
organisms

Question 2

Matter moves between ecosystems, environments, and organisms – between _______ and _______ components

Answer 2

biotic

abiotic

Question 3

Biogeochemical cycling involves: __________, ________ and ________ interactions

Answer 3

biological
geologic
chemical

Question 4

What are the five major cycles of materials?

Answer 4

1. Carbon
2. Nitrogen
3. Phosphorus
4. Sulfur
5. Water (hydrologic)

Question 5

What are the major forms of the carbon cycle?

Answer 5

1. CO2

2. Organic carbon (in living tissue, dead tissue of plants and animals)

Question 6

What are the major processes of the carbon cycle?

Answer 6

1. Photosynthesis
2. Cellular respiration
3. Decomposition
4. Combustion (fossil fuels)

Question 7

What are major forms of the water cycle?

Answer 7

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Vapor (gas)

Question 8

What are the major processes of the water cycle?

Answer 8

1. Evaporation
2. Precipitation
3. Condensation
4. Percolation
5. Transpiration

Question 9

Sun provides ______ for life, powers ____________ cycles, and determines ________

Answer 9

energy
biochemcial
climate

Question 10

Of incoming solar radiation:
◦___% is absorbed by the earth and atmosphere
◦___% is reflected back
into space (includes heat)

Answer 10

69%

31%

Question 11

Of incoming solar radiation:
◦ 69% is absorbed by the ______ and __________
◦ 31% is reflected back
into ______ (includes heat)

Answer 11

earth
atmosphere
space

Question 12

The reflectance of solar energy

off earth’s surface

Answer 12

albedo

Question 13

Dark colors = ____ albedo

_____ colors = high albedo

Answer 13

Low

Light

Question 14

_____ colors = low albedo

Light colors = _____ albedo

Answer 14

Dark

High

Question 15

Temperature changes with ________ (N, S)

Answer 15

latitude

Question 16

Solar energy does not hit earth ________

Due to earth’s spherical _____ and ____

Answer 16

uniformly
shape
tilt

Question 17

Temperature changes with ________

Answer 17

season

Question 18

Seasons determined by earth’s _____

Answer 18

tilt

Question 19

Earth’s tilt causes each ___________ to tilt toward the sun for half the year

Answer 19

hemisphere

Question 20

Atmosphere is made of: 
◦ \_\_\_% Oxygen
◦ \_\_\_% Nitrogen
◦\_\_% Argon, Carbon dioxide,
Neon and Helium

Answer 20

21%
78%
1%

Question 21

Atmosphere is made of:
◦ 21% _______
◦ 78% _______
◦ 1% ______, ______ _______, _____ and ________

Answer 21

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Helium

Question 22

Density ___________ with

distance from earth

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

Density decreases with _________ from earth

Answer 23

distance

Question 24

_______ decreases with

distance from earth

Answer 24

Density

Question 25

Earth’s atmosphere shields earth from high energy __________

Answer 25

radiation

Question 26

Gases allow earth to be

warmed

Answer 26

Greenhouse effect

Question 27

Earth’s atmosphere is composed of what five layers?

Answer 27

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere

Question 28

In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?

Answer 28

troposphere

Question 29

In which two layers of the atmosphere does temperature decrease with altitude?

Answer 29

Troposphere & Mesosphere

Question 30

In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer absorbs UV?

Answer 30

Stratosphere

Question 31

In the stratosphere temperature _________ with altitude- very stable

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

Which layer in the atmosphere is very hot?

Answer 32

Thermosphere

Question 33

In which layer of the atmosphere are gases in thin air absorb x-rays and short-wave UV radiation?

Answer 33

thermosphere

Question 34

What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere?

Answer 34

Exosphere

Question 35

List the miles for each sphere of the atmosphere.

Answer 35

• Troposphere (0 to 6 mi)
• Stratosphere (6 to 30 mi)
• Mesosphere (30 to 50 mi)
• Thermosphere (50 to 300mi)
• Exosphere (300mi+)