Chapter 4 pt.1 Flashcards
Matter moves between __________, ____________, and __________ – between biotic and abiotic components
ecosystems
environments
organisms
Matter moves between ecosystems, environments, and organisms – between _______ and _______ components
biotic
abiotic
Biogeochemical cycling involves: __________, ________ and ________ interactions
biological
geologic
chemical
What are the five major cycles of materials?
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Sulfur
- Water (hydrologic)
What are the major forms of the carbon cycle?
- CO2
2. Organic carbon (in living tissue, dead tissue of plants and animals)
What are the major processes of the carbon cycle?
- Photosynthesis
- Cellular respiration
- Decomposition
- Combustion (fossil fuels)
What are major forms of the water cycle?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Vapor (gas)
What are the major processes of the water cycle?
- Evaporation
- Precipitation
- Condensation
- Percolation
- Transpiration
Sun provides ______ for life, powers ____________ cycles, and determines ________
energy
biochemcial
climate
Of incoming solar radiation:
◦___% is absorbed by the earth and atmosphere
◦___% is reflected back
into space (includes heat)
69%
31%
Of incoming solar radiation:
◦ 69% is absorbed by the ______ and __________
◦ 31% is reflected back
into ______ (includes heat)
earth
atmosphere
space
The reflectance of solar energy
off earth’s surface
albedo
Dark colors = ____ albedo
_____ colors = high albedo
Low
Light
_____ colors = low albedo
Light colors = _____ albedo
Dark
High
Temperature changes with ________ (N, S)
latitude
Solar energy does not hit earth ________
Due to earth’s spherical _____ and ____
uniformly
shape
tilt
Temperature changes with ________
season
Seasons determined by earth’s _____
tilt
Earth’s tilt causes each ___________ to tilt toward the sun for half the year
hemisphere
Atmosphere is made of: ◦ \_\_\_% Oxygen ◦ \_\_\_% Nitrogen ◦\_\_% Argon, Carbon dioxide, Neon and Helium
21%
78%
1%
Atmosphere is made of:
◦ 21% _______
◦ 78% _______
◦ 1% ______, ______ _______, _____ and ________
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Helium
Density ___________ with
distance from earth
decreases
Density decreases with _________ from earth
distance
_______ decreases with
distance from earth
Density
Earth’s atmosphere shields earth from high energy __________
radiation
Gases allow earth to be
warmed
Greenhouse effect
Earth’s atmosphere is composed of what five layers?
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
- Exosphere
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?
troposphere
In which two layers of the atmosphere does temperature decrease with altitude?
Troposphere & Mesosphere
In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer absorbs UV?
Stratosphere
In the stratosphere temperature _________ with altitude- very stable
increases
Which layer in the atmosphere is very hot?
Thermosphere
In which layer of the atmosphere are gases in thin air absorb x-rays and short-wave UV radiation?
thermosphere
What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere?
Exosphere
List the miles for each sphere of the atmosphere.
- Troposphere (0 to 6 mi)
- Stratosphere (6 to 30 mi)
- Mesosphere (30 to 50 mi)
- Thermosphere (50 to 300mi)
- Exosphere (300mi+)
