Chapter 2 pt. 1 Flashcards
What was the Northwest forest plan?
a federal plan to foster cooperation and resolve conflict among loggers, conservationsits, and local communities regarding management of federally owned forest land in Oregon & Washington
1993
the attitude in which early Americans would always be enough resources
frontier attitude
The 17th & 18th centuries were dominated by a _________ _________
frontier attitude
frontier attitude resulted in widespread ____________ __________
environmental desctruction
Who painted lifelike portraits of birds and other animals in their natural surroundings?
John James Audubon
John James Audubon’s paintings arosed widespread public interest in the __________ of North America
wildlife
In the 19th centruy, US naturalists voiced concerns about ________ __________ and
their ____________
natural resources
conservation
naturalist author on simplifying life
Henry David Thoreau
“Greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time”
Conservation
Who wrote “Man and Nature”?
George Perkins Mash
George Perkins Mash was a ________, __________, and _________
farmer
linguist
diplomat
What was the American Forestry Association?
a group of public-minded citizens, who influenced public opinion against the wholesale destruction of America’s forests
When was the American Forestry Association created?
1875
What did the General Revision Act do?
Gave the president authority to establish forest reserves
After the General Revision Act was established, Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, T. Roosevelt
put __._ _______ hectares into reserve
17.4 million
After the General Revision Act was established, Presidents ________, _________, __.________
put 17.4 million hectares into reserve
Harrison
Cleveland
T. Roosevelt
Who was the first head of the U.S. Forest Service?
Gifford Pinchot
What is the difference between conservation and preservation?
Conservation, value natural resources for their
usefulness
Preservation, protect nature because all life
deserves respect
Who supported conservation and who supported preservation?
Conservation-Theodore Roosevelt
Preservation-John Muir
Who founded the Sierra Club?
John Muir
Allows president to set aside sites of scientific or historical importance (monuments)
Antiquities Act (1906)
Created national parks (Wilson administration), has grown to
other entities
National Park Service Organic Act (1916)
Created by F.D. Roosevelt in response to the Dust Bowl (1930s droughts)
Soil Conservation Service (1935)
Currently _____ national parks, rec areas, seashores, memorials,
preserves, monuments
392
In the 1950s-60s the primary concerns were the ___________ of people to the environment and __________ ________.
interconnections
ecological health
Who wrote “A Sand County Almanac”?
Aldo Leopold
Who was a land ethic?
Aldo Leopold
Who wrote “Silent Spring”?
Rachel Carson
Rachel Carson wrote against indiscriminate use of ____/________
DDT/pesticides
When was the EPA formed?
1970
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) signed cornerstone of _____________ ____
environmental law
National Environmental Policy Act requires an __________ _______ ____________
(EIS) for any proposed federal action
Environmental Impact Statement
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) revolutionized ____________ _________ in US
environmental protection
each environmental impact statement (EIS) must include what three things?
- the nature of the proposal and why its needed
- the environmental impacts of the proposal, including short-term and long-term effects and any adverse environmental effects if the proposal is implemented
- alternatives to lessen the adverse effects of the proposal; providing ways to mitigate the impact of the project
List the 1970’s age of environmental legislation acts in order.
Clean Air Act (1970) (amended in 1990)
Clean Water Act (1972) Endangered Species Act (1973)
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (1975)
Federal Land Policy and Management Act (1976)
National Forest Management Act (1976)
Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
Soil and Water Resources
Conservation Act (1977)
Since 1970 six air pollutants have _______ by ___%
dropped 25%
As of _____; 45% of municipal waste is _______ as
waste-to-energy or recovered for ________
2006
burned
recycling
As of 2007; Human exposure to hazardous waste sites
(identified in 1969) is _______ ___%
below 93%
As of 2008; ___% of ___ had healthy drinking water (75% in 1993)
92%
US
Any countries economy depends on the environment for:
A. natural capital
B. raw materials to make produce
C. the flow of currency between production and consumption
D. disposal of waste produce
E. All of the Above
E. All of the Above
