Chapter 1 pt. 3

Question 1

Human society isn't operating sustainably because:
1.
2.
3. 
4. 
5.

Answer 1

1. We extract nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels as if they were present in unlimited supplies
2. we consume renewable resources such as fresh water and forests faster than natural systems can replenish them
3. we pollute the enviornment w/ toxins as if the capacity of the environment to absorb them is limitless
4. a small fraction of the human population dominates a large percentage of Earth’s resources
5. our numbers continue to grow despite Earth’s finite ability to feed us, sustain us, and absorb our wastes

Question 2

Ganet Hardin was a professor of ______ ________ at the University of California-Santa Barbara

Answer 2

human ecology

Question 3

_____ _______ was a professor of human ecology at the University of California-Santa Barbara

Answer 3

Ganet Hardin

Question 4

Ganet Hardin wrote about _______ ____________ dilemmas

Answer 4

human environmental

Question 5

______ ______ published essay,”The Tragedy of Commons”

Answer 5

Garnet Hardin

Question 6

An analogy describing the conflict between individual interest and management of shared resources

Answer 6

“The Tragedy of Commons”

Question 7

those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsiblity- the atmosphere and climate, fresh water forests, wild-life, and ocean fisheries

Answer 7

common-pool resources

Question 8

Bill Freudenberg pointed out that medeval commons were successfully managed but became degraded after they were ____________

Answer 8

privatized

Question 9

Bill Freudenberg was a __________

Answer 9

sociologist

Question 10

Elinor Ostrum was an __________

Answer 10

economist

Question 11

Elinor Ostrum demonstrated that common pool resources can be:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 11

1. sustainably managed by communities with shared interests
2. strong local governance
3. community enforced accountability

Question 12

shared responsibility for the sustainable care of our planet

Answer 12

stewardship

Question 13

Agenda 21, an action plan of ___________ ___________ in which future economic development will be reconciled with environemental protection

Answer 13

sustainable development

Question 14

economic development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability to future generation to meet their own needs

Answer 14

sustainable development

Question 15

What three factors are necessary for sustainable development?

Answer 15

1. Environmentally Sound Decisions
2. Socially Equitable Decisions
3. Economically Viable Decisions

Question 16

What is the triple bottom line of sustainability?

Answer 16

1. Planet
2. People
3. Profit

Question 17

the interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment

Answer 17

environmental science

Question 18

According to the “Tragedy of Commons” what is short-term and long-term?

Answer 18

short-term: individual welfare

long-term: environmental stability and societal welfare

Question 19

What are the fields of environmental science?

Answer 19

● Biology
● Ecology
● Economics
● Geography
● Geology 
● Sociology
● Politics
● Physics
● Chemistry 
● Demography

Question 20

a set of components that interact and function as a whole

Answer 20

system

Question 21

A system considers a broad look at _________ ________ rather than details of the ____ or ___

Answer 21

overall processes
parts
steps

Question 22

the branch of biology that studies the interrelationships between organisms and their environment

Answer 22

ecology

Question 23

_________ is a basic tool of environmental science

Answer 23

ecology

Question 24

A natural system consisting of a community of organisms and its
physical environment

Answer 24

ecosystem

Question 25

___________ are organized into larger and larger systems

Answer 25

ecosystems

Question 26

Many aspects of Earth’s systems are in a steady state or, a ____________ ____________, in which the rate of change in the opposite direction

Answer 26

dynamic equilibrium

Question 27

___________ occurs when a change in one part of the system leads to change in another part

Answer 27

Feedback

Question 28

What type of feedback is this: Change triggers a

response that counteracts the changed condition

Answer 28

Negative feedback

Question 29

What type of feedback is this: works to keep an undisturbed system in dynamic equilibrium

Answer 29

Negative feedback

Question 30

What type of feedback is this: Change triggers a

response that intensifies the changing condition

Answer 30

Positive feedback

Question 31

What type of feedback is this: leads to greater change from the original condition

Answer 31

Positive feedback