Chapter 4 - Preventive Medicine Flashcards
How does preventative medicine enhance research value?
Maintaining healthy animals and minimized nonprotocol sources of variation associated with disease and inapparent infection, minimizing animal waste and potential effects on well-being.
Define animal biosecurity
All measures to control known or unknown infections in laboratory animals
Animal biosecurity practices SHOULD be applied to what species? When are they most important?
SHOULD apply to all species, but are the most important when housing large numbers of animals in intensive housing conditions.
What factors are important in limiting exposure of animals to infectious disease agents?
Consideration of physical plant layout, operational practices, and separation of clean and soiled caging and equipment and sometimes associated staff
A successful animal biosecurity program incorporates what elements? (5) What are related components? (5)
- Procedures that ensure only animals of a desired health status enter the facility
- Personnel and materials that do not serve as fomites
- Practices that reduce the likelihood of cross contamination
- Comprehensive ongoing system for evaluating animals’ health status
- Contaminant and eradication
Related:
1. Evaluate and select appropriate animal suppliers
2. Treatment or animals or products at entry
3. Comprehensive pest control program
4. Procedures to ensure all biologics are free of contamination
5. Procedures for intra- and interfacility animal transport
Define quarantine
The separation of newly received animals from those already in the facility, in a way that prevents potential spread of contaminants, until the health and possibly the microbial status of newly received animals has been determined
Why may transport induce recrudescence of subclinical infections in an animal?
Stress
What SHOULD vet medical staff implement for incoming animals? What SHOULD these reflect?
Procedures for evaluating health and pathogen status of newly received animals. SHOULD reflect acceptable vet medical practice and federal and state regulations applicable to zoonoses.
Effective quarantine procedures are particularly helpful for what species? Why? What does this require?
NHPs. Zoonoses. Specific handling guidelines.
Information from suppliers about animal quality SHOULD be sufficient to enable what?
Vet to establish length of quarantine, define potential risks to personnel and animals in colony, determine if therapy is needed before release from quarantine, and determine if rederivation is needed to free animals of specific pathogens.
Do rodents always require quarantine? How SHOULD different shipments headed for quarantine be handled?
No, not if data from vendor or provider and sufficiently current, complete, and reliable to define health status of incoming animals and potential for exposure to pathogens during transit is considered. Animals from different shipments SHOULD be handled separately or be physically separated from other groups.
Regardless of whether or not animals are quarantined, newly received animals SHOULD be given a period for what?
Physiologic, behavioral, and nutritional acclimation.
The need for an acclimation period has been demonstrated in what species?
Mice, rats, guinea pigs, NHPs, and goats.
Why is physical separation of animals by species recommended?
Prevent interspecies disease transmission and eliminate potential for anxiety and physiologic and behavioral changes due to interspecies conflict.
Is housing of separate species in the same room ok?
Yes, if they have similar pathogen status and are behaviorally compatible. Okay for aquatic species, as long as nets and other animal handling devices remain separate between systems.
