Chapter 1

Question 1

What stakeholders are responsible for the well-being of animals used in research, testing, and teaching?

Answer 1

All who care for, use, or produce animals for research, testing, or teaching must assume responsibility for their well-being

Question 2

Definition - Laboratory animals

Answer 2

Any vertebrate animal produced for or used in research, testing, or teaching

Question 3

Definition - Animal use

Answer 3

The proper care, use, and humane treatment of laboratory animals produced for or used in research, testing, or teaching

Question 4

Which species/situations does the Guide not address?

Answer 4

1. Agricultural animals used in production, agricultural research, or teaching
2. Wildlife or aquatic species studied in natural settings
3. Invertebrates

Question 5

Goal of the Guide?

Answer 5

Promote the humane care and use of laboratory animals by providing information that will enhance animal well-being, the quality of research, and the advancement of scientific knowledge that is relevant to both humans and animals.

Question 6

Who developed the 3R’s? When?

Answer 6

Russell and Burch, 1959

Question 7

How should the Guide serve regarding standards and ethical considerations?

Answer 7

Minimum standards, as a starting point for ethical considerations

Question 8

What are the responsibilities of researchers and the IACUC as it pertains to refinement?

Answer 8

1. Institutions and investigators should take all reasonable measures to eliminate pain and distress
2. IACUC should understand that with some types of studies there may be either unforeseen or intended experimental outcomes that produce pain

Question 9

Should reduction include reuse of animals?

Answer 9

No, animal reuse is discouraged

Question 10

Studies involving which outcomes should include descriptions of appropriate humane endpoints or provide science-based justification for not using a particular, commonly accepted endpoint?

Answer 10

1. Severe or chronic pain
2. Sig. alterations in an animal’s ability to maintain normal physiology
3. Sig. alterations in ability to adequately respond to stressors

Question 11

When must veterinary consultation occur?

Answer 11

Veterinary consultation must occur when pain or distress is beyond the level anticipated in the protocol description or when interventional control is not possible.

Question 12

Definition - Humane Care

Answer 12

Those actions taken to ensure that lab animals are treated according to high ethical and scientific standards

Question 13

Definition - Animal Care and Use Program (the Program)

Answer 13

The policies, procedures, standards, organizational structure, staffing, facilities, and practices put in place by an institution to achieve the humane care and use of animals in the laboratory and throughout the institution

Question 14

Definition - Engineering standard

Answer 14

Specifies in detail a method, technology, or technique for achieving a desired outcome. No modification

Question 15

Definition - Performance standard

Answer 15

Describes a desired outcome and provides flexibility in achieving that outcome by granting discretion

Question 16

Definition - Practice standard

Answer 16

Application of professional judgement by qualified, experienced individuals to a task or process over time. From peer-reviewed literature, textbooks, or time-proven experience

Question 17

Definition - Policies

Answer 17

Commonly derive from a public agency or private entity, generally practical statements of collective wisdom, convention, or management direction that are internal

Question 18

Are policies always internal?

Answer 18

No, may assert broader force when they become means by which an implementing agency interprets existing statutes.

Question 19

Definition - Principles

Answer 19

Broader in scope and intended application that policies. Accepted generalizations about a topic that are frequently endorsed by many and diverse organizations

Question 20

Definition - Procedures

Answer 20

Detailed, step-by-step processes meant to ensure the consistent application of institutional practices

Question 21

Definitions - Must, should, may

Answer 21

Must - Imperative and mandatory duty or requirement
Should - Strong recommendation
May - Suggestion