Chapter 4 lesson 1

Question 1

Refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture.

Answer 1

Socialization

Question 2

Although it is a general process, ______ takes place in specific contexts.

Answer 2

socialization

Question 3

It is culturally specific:
people in different cultures are socialized differently to hold different beliefs and values and to behave
in different ways.

Answer 3

socialization

Question 3

It is culturally specific:
people in different cultures are socialized differently to hold different beliefs and values and to behave
in different ways.

Answer 3

socialization

Question 4

Is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the
values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.

Answer 4

Enculturation

Question 5

In this process, the influences that limit,
direct, or shape the individual (whether deliberately or not) include parents, other adults and peers.

Answer 5

Enculturation

Question 6

Three goals of socialization

Answer 6

1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience.
2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain roles
3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.

Question 7

Sociologist ______ outlined his interpretation of the three primary goals of socialization:

Answer 7

Jeffrey J. Arnett outlined

Question 8

This goal is accomplished naturally.

Answer 8

1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience.

Question 9

As people grow up within particular society, they pick up the
expectations of those around them internalize these expectations to moderate their impulses and
develop a conscience.

Answer 9

1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience.

Question 10

Occupational roles, Gender roles, and the roles of the institution such as marriage and parenthood.

Answer 10

2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain roles

Question 11

Through socialization, people learn to identify what is important and valued within a particular culture.

Answer 11

3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.

Question 12

The ____ is a sociological concept.

Answer 12

‘self’

Question 13

According to ______ , it develops through social interactions—a
set of situations (i.e. imitation, play, game, generalized others) where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each situations.

Answer 13

George Herbert Mead

Question 14

The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to George Herbert Mead, it develops through social interactions—a
set of situations (i.e. imitation, play, game, generalized others) where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each situations.

Answer 14

Mead and the development of the social mind(self)

Question 15

According to ____ , the absence of social interactions, a person may develop as a biological entity, but he or she will be without the sociality that makes individuals full-pledged members of their society.

Answer 15

Mead

Question 16

Mead proposed a four-staged process of the development of the self.

Answer 16

1. Imitation
2. Play
3. Game
4. Generalized other

Question 17

The child starts with mimicking behaviors and actions of significant others around him or her.

Answer 17

1. Imitation

Question 18

This is the first stage, though some literature did not consider this stage as a part of the process of the
formation of the self.

Answer 18

1. Imitation

Question 19

The child takes different roles he or she observes in “adult” society, and the ___ them out to gain
understanding of the different social roles, as a result of such ___In the game stage, the child must take role of everyone else involved in the game., the child learns to become both
subject and object and begins to become able to build a self.

Answer 19

2. Play

Question 20

However it is a limited self, because the
child can only take the role of a distinct and separate others.

Answer 20

2. Play

Question 21

the child must take role of everyone else involved in the ______.

Answer 21

game

Question 22

In this stage, organization begins and definite personalities start to emerge.

Answer 22

game

Question 23

Children begin to function in organized groups and most importantly, to determine what they will do
within a specific group.

Answer 23

4. Generalized other

Question 24

can be thought as understanding the given activity and the actors place within the activity from the perspective of all others engaged in the activity.

Answer 24

4. Generalized other

Question 25

____ is the development of an individual’s distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized or known.

Answer 25

Identity formation

Question 26

____ is which the individual thinks of him and herself as a discrete and separate entity.

Answer 26

Identity

Question 27

Different variations of identity

Answer 27

1. Cultural identity 2. Ethnic identity 3. National identity 4. Religious identity

Question 28

____ is one’s feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or culture.

Answer 28

1. Cultural identity

Question 29

_______ is the identification with a certain ethnicity , usually the basis of a presume common genealogy or ancestry.

Answer 29

2. Ethnic identity

Question 30

_____ is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.

Answer 30

3. National identity

Question 31

_____ is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an individual involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and the study of ancestral or cultural traditions.

Answer 31

4. Religious identity

Question 32

Is a rule that guides the behavior of members of a society or group.

Answer 32

Norms

Question 33

are an important part of the cultural capital that each of us possesses and embodies.

Answer 33

Norms

Question 34

For the most part, ______ are things that we take for granted and spend a little time thinking about it, but we become highly conscious about them when we break or do not follow them.

Answer 34

Norms

Question 35

Because____ guide our behavior and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance.

Answer 35

Norms

Question 36

Without ____ our world would be in chaos and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it.

Answer 36

Norms

Question 37

Two variations of norms:

Answer 37

1. Mores 2. Folkways

Question 38

____ refers to norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.

Answer 38

1. Mores

Question 39

_____ refers to norms for routines and casual interaction.

Answer 39

2. Folkways

Question 40

Are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for living.

Answer 40

Values

Question 41

____ not only affect how we see our surroundings, but also help from our personalities.

Answer 41

Values and beliefs

Question 42

We learn from families, friends, schools and religious organizations to think according to particular principles.

Answer 42

Values

Question 43

With these features of values, Jaime Bulatao identified four basic Filipino values namely:

Answer 43

1. Emotional closeness and security in a family 2. Approval from authority and of society 3. Economic and social betterment 4. Patience, endurance and suffering

Question 44

______ are important concepts in socialization.

Answer 44

Status and roles

Question 45

Because the behavior of young members of society are controlled by assigning them certain status which they will enact.

Answer 45

Status and roles

Question 46

_____ an American sociologist, define status as a ‘position’ in a social system, such as child or parent.

Answer 46

Linton

Question 47

The term _____ refers to all statuses a person holds at a given time.

Answer 47

“Status set”

Question 48

Sociologists classify statuses in terms of how people attain them:

Answer 48

1. Ascribed status 2. Achieved status

Question 49

____ is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.

Answer 49

Ascribed status

Question 50

______ refers to a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal identity and effort.

Answer 50

Achieved status

Question 51

Example of ascribed:

Answer 51

being a son, a Filipino, a teenager, a widower.

Question 52

Example of achieved:

Answer 52

honor student, boxing champion, nurse, software writer, and a thief.

Question 53

____ refers to the behavior expected on someone who hold a particular status.

Answer 53

Role

Question 54

Therefore, a person holds astatus performs a ____

Answer 54

Role

Question 55

_____ results from the competing demand of two or more roles that vie for our time and energy.

Answer 55

Role Strain

Question 56

The more statuses we have the more roles we take on, the more likely we are to experience role conflict.

Answer 56

Role Strain

Question 57

_____ is a concept that has to be taken very seriously.

Answer 57

Impression management

Question 58

It has the power and influence to create a very favorable public opinion of a particular person.

Answer 58

Impression management

Question 58

It can break a person in regards to social standings, and it can repair a damaged persona.

Answer 58

Impression management

Question 59

______ has the ability to dictate a person’s position in society.

Answer 59

Impression management