chapter 3 lesson 1 Flashcards
Refers to the changes, modifications and variations in the genetics and inherited traits of
biological populations from one person to another.
Biological Evolution
Scientist study the changes in the physical body of humans, the changes in the shape and
size of their bones, brains, dentition, and fingers for instance.
Biological Evolution
Also included in the ______ the changes in posture, movement, and the
development of bipedalism or walking on two feet in an upright position
Biological Evolution
It is
Biological Evolution
Biological Evolution based on the theory of evolution that was introduced by the famous English naturalist
and geologist ______
Charles Darwin ( 1809-1882 ).
Refers to the changes or development in culture from simple form to a more complex form
of human culture.
Cultural evolution
This happens as a result of human adaptation to different factors like climatic changes and
population increase.
Cultural evolution
Scientist study the cultural evolution of humans by analyzing the changes in the latter’s way
of life reflected in the different tools and other human-made objects that they have used.
Cultural evolution
In his study, Charles Darwin hypothesized that the evolution
of species happens through the process of _____
Natural Selection
____ according to Darwin, was the reason for the
occurrence of evolution. The environment favors certain
organisms and those organism that survive can pass on their
traits.
Natural Selection
Is the general term used
by the scientist to categorize the
group of early humans and other
human-like creatures
Hominid
Types of hominid:
Australopithecus
One of the common type of Australopithecus
Australopithecus Afarensis
Is considered to be the most common ancestor of
Australopithecus ancestry
Australopithecus Afarensis
The term Australopithecus means “______
“southern Ape”
The 3.2 million-year-old fossil name _____ was
also an Australopithecus Afarensis and was
considered as one of modern human’s earliest
ancestor and remains as the most famous hominid
fossil discovered.
lucy
“lucy” was discovered in ______ in
November 1974.
Hadar,Ethopia
“lucy” was discovered in Hadar,Ethopia in
November 1974 by paleoanthropologists led by
______
Dr. Donald Johanson.
Characteristics of Australopithecus
Brain size 500 cc
Upright
Tool users not tool maker
Lived in a small social group
Ate insects, eggs, plants, fruits, and
sometimes meat
Food scavenger
Are classified as humans and not humanlike creatures because they had
bigger brains and were bipedal.
Homo
Homo first lived in ____ about 2.4 million years ago.
Africa
Characteristics of Homo Habilis/ Handy man:
Height of about 3 to 4 feet
Brain size half the size of the modern
human (700 cubic centimeters)
Made tools called oldowan which are
used as cutting tools and made from
volcanic.
Used tools for hunting and food gathering
Was the first Homo species to use fire
and to live in caves and small houses made of
tree branches
Homo Ergaster (Homo Erectus)
They are considered as skillful hunters.
Homo Ergaster (Homo Erectus)
Also the first homo to use spoken
language
Homo Ergaster (Homo Erectus)
The fossil known as “java man” was
under the _____
Homo Ergaster (Homo Erectus)
Characteristics of Homo Ergaster (Homo Erectus) :
Brain size of 1000 cc
Height about of about five feet
Walks upright
Can make sophisticated and
smoothened tools and had more
developed shelters and advanced
technology.
Homo Sapiens
They were able to make different
stone tools like bows and arrows, spear,
and needles.
Homo Sapiens
Characteristics of Homo Sapiens
Large brain size (1400 cc)
Lived in shelters
Food gatherers
Ate plants and fruits
Hunted animals
Learned to gather and cook shellfish
Used fire
Crafted metals
_____ as the venues for the appreciation of the complexities of biocultural and
social evolution
Museums
The biological, cultural and social evolution of modern man can be studied through the ______ that have
been excavated by _____
artifacts and fossils, archeologists and anthropologists.
_____ are the important sources of information in the reconstruction of human evolution.
Artifacts and fossils
Examples of fossils:
preserved human, plant, and animal remains
Examples of artifacts:
stones tools, metal tools, ceramics, earthenware, burial jars, and ornaments.
____ are the most easily accessible places where we can see various artifacts, fossils and other evidence of the
past.
Museums
______ are institutions that are primarily tasked to conserve, communicate , and exhibit all material and
nonmaterial heritages of human society.
Museums
