Chapter 1: Lesson 1 and Lesson 2 Flashcards
the custom, arts, social institutions and achievements of a particular nation, people, other social group
culture
the characteristics features of everyday existence (such as diversions or a way of life) shared by people in place or time
culture
example of Filipino culture
bayanihan, religious activities, respect for elders
refers to the differences in social behavior that culture exhibits around the world.
Human Cultural Variation/cultural variation
What we considered as a good manner in one culture maybe considered as bad practice in another.
human cultural variation/cultural variation
the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
society
a highly structured system of human organization for large scale community living that normally furnishes protection, continuity, security, and a national identity of its members
society
the differences among individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities
social differences
are complex conclude: class, role, culture, ability, gender etc.
social differences
can create discriminations on the basis of their social characteristics
social differences
___ define social change
sociologist
changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions.
social change
these changes occur over time and often have profound and long term consequences for society
social change
example of social change
the civil rights, women’s rights, lgbtq rights
activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping the achieve power
politics
when people of a particular race, ethnicity,, gender, or religion form alliances and organize politically to defend their group interests
identity politics
example of identity politics
the feminist movement. the civil rights movement, and the gay liberation movement
are linguistic tools used by social scientist to
explore the social world.
concepts
can be based on a real phenomena and are generalized
idea of something of meaning
concepts
are initially invented as icons to capture (or represent)
phenomena
concepts
may beget smaller concepts
concepts
the study of Society, Social
institution, and Social relationships.
sociology
interested in describing and explaining human behavior, especially
as it occurs within a social context.
sociology
It is less interested in individuals than in the group to which they are part of.
sociology
Obviously, human beings belong to the animal kingdom. considers the similarities in and differences between human social
behavior and that of other animals. A comparison of social behaviors across species
can provide valuable insights into the nature of human society.
The cross-species perspective
deals with the comparative nature of customs and
standards of behavior within a community or system
· The cross-cultural perspective
considers the effects that religious doctrines, scriptures, and
spirituality have on individuals and society.
The religious perspective
based on the frequency of occurrence of an attitude or
practice within a society.
The statistical perspective
deals with social issues from the point of view of historical
attitudes, values, practices, and contexts.
The historical perspective
concerned with gender differences and the limitations
associated with traditional, male‐dominated theories of society.
· · The feminist perspective
____also claim that
their insights provide additional information about the experiences of both males and
females.
feminists
The perspective has received criticism for overstating the influence and
prevalence of male power and control over women. Critics point out that many men only
appear to have power and control over women.
· The feminist perspective
he is the person who “invented”
Sociology in 1842,
August Comte ( 1798-1857 )
august comte by bringing together the greek word
socius or
“companion” and the latin word logos or “study”
He believed that society operates according to certain laws, just as
physical world operates according to gravity and other laws of nature.
August Comte ( 1798-1857 )
he is the forerunner of the conflict
theory, one of the most important sociological theories.
Karl Marx ( 1818-1883 )
Karl Marx ( 1818-1883 ) Because of his published book
“ The Communist Manifesto” with
Friedrich Engels in 1847,
sociologist still study his insights regarding class conflict, economic conflict, economic determinism, social stratification and social change.
Karl Marx ( 1818-1883 )
He is the first French
Sociologist.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) -
individuals are more the products
rather than the creators of society.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
In his book____ he proved
that social forces strongly impact people’s lives, and that a
seemingly personal event is not personal afterall.
suicide
he is the most important
proponent of interpretative sociology.
Max Weber ( 1864- 1920 ) -
He believe that a “sympathetic understanding, verstehen, of
the mind of the others” was essential to understanding the
behavior of others.
Max Weber ( 1864- 1920 ) -
He also asserted that religion is very
influential in the actions and thoughts of people.
Max Weber ( 1864- 1920 ) -
Anthropology is derived from two greek words,
anthropos
and logos, which intensively studies humans and the
respective cultures where they were born and actively belong
to.
As a Social Science, ____focuses on humans
diversity around the world.
Anthropology
often seek to
promote understanding between groups by “translating” each
culture to other.
Anthropologist
It also takes account of the “_____” of own
people lives in our world.
“equal but different ways”
studies how social patterns and practices and cultural
variations develop across different societies.
· Social Anthropology
studies Cultural variations develop across different
societies and examine the need to understand each culture in its own context.
· Cultural Anthropology
studies language discourse and how they reflect
and shape different aspects of human.
· Linguistic Anthropology
studies origins of human as well as
the interplay between social factors and process of human evolution, adaptation and
variations over time.
Biological and Physical Anthropology
deals with pre-historic societies by studying their tools and
environment.
· Archeology –
the father of american
anthropology.
Franz Boas -
allied with government which is considered as the ultimate authority.
politics
It is the
primary role of the government .
to rule society by stipulating and transmitting the basic
laws that will supervise the freedom of it’s people.
The study of politics is called
“Political Science”
works with other
fields of social sciences including Sociology and Anthropology, in understanding how
government performs and how politics and governance works together.
political science
examines how the government
functions and how decisions and politics are made.
Public Administration –
evaluates the interplay between economics,
politics, and law and its implications to various institutions within society.
Political Economy –
compares domestic politics and
governance systems across different sovereign states.
Comparative politics –
5 anthropology
social anthropology culture anthropology archeology linguistic anthropology biological and physical anthropology
areas interest in polsci
public administration
comparative politics
political economy
