chapter 3 lesson 2 Flashcards
In this process, societies produce new forms of subsistence, acquire more
knowledge, develop different levels of innovation, and apply new forms of
technology as a response to the challenges posed by the environment.
The social as “driver of interaction”
Gerhard Lenski (1924-2015), an American sociologist, argued that human society
undergoes transformation and evolution and in the process develops
technological advancement.
The social as “driver of interaction”
an American sociologist, argued that human society
undergoes transformation and evolution and in the process develops
technological advancement.
Gerhard Lenski (1924-2015)
The oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence is _______
Hunting and Gathering
In this society, the men are tasked to hunt large animal like deer, elk, moose, and other animals available in their
areas.
Hunting and Gathering
The women, on the other hand, are responsible for the collection of vegetation, berries, and small edible crops.
Hunting and Gathering
Because of this set-up, scientist describe the relationship between men, and women as being equal.
Hunting and Gathering
During the Paleolithic period (2,500,000-10,000 BCE) people are nomadic, these societies lived in small groups with
only 20 to 30 members and if there were abundant supply of food, members increase to 40 to 50 members.
Hunting and Gathering
develop around 10,000 years ago and they described as semi sedentary societies.
Horticultural societies
These societies subsist through small-scale farming.
Horticultural societies
They produce and use simple forms of hand tools to plant crops like hoes and
digging sticks to bore holes in the grounds for seed planting.
Horticultural societies
there is a surplus of food, because food supply is more than enough to feed the members of the
society.
Horticultural societies
develop around 10,000 years ago, pastoralist societies developed in dry regions of the world where raising crops was not possible.
Pastoral societies
These societies are classified as animal herders and subsist based on the resources provided by
their animals.
Pastoral societies
As opposed to hunting and gathering societies, ________ are described as having unequal
social relations because some members act as the ruling elite.
both horticultural and pastoral societies
During the______ the barter system started.
horticultural and pastoral society
_______ began during Neolithic period. During this time, Neolithic Revolution occurred.
Agricultural societies
During this time, humans began to farm and domesticate animals as their form of subsistence..
Agricultural societies
Animal domestication provided important contributions to the Neolithic people.
Agricultural societies
Sheep, goats and pigs were the first animal domesticated in the West Asia between 8500 and 7000 BCE.
Agricultural societies
The domestication of cattle and sheep provided the Neolithic people with additional sources of
nutrition.
Agricultural societies
Animal meat, for example, provided them with more sources of protein while animal hides (skin)
served as materials for clothes.
Agricultural societies
Animal horns and bones were also utilized for making needles and other
utensils while animal manure was used as soil fertilizers.
Agricultural societies
During the Neolithic Revolution, ______ developed and their population increased into millions.
Agricultural societies
They also settled permanently and improved the technology for farming.
Agricultural societies
Through ________ members of society produced surplus of food supply that were
transported by the animal-powered wagons.
agricultural revolution
As the society developed and each members developed specialization., money become a form of
exchange replacing the barter system.
Agricultural societies
________ began when the Industrial Revolution swept through Europe during the
late eighteen century and the first half of the nineteen century (from 1780s to 1850s).
Industrial societies
During the ________ new sources of energy were harnessed, advance form of
technology were applied, and machineries were invented.
Industrial Revolution
These changes led to industrialization or
the transformation of an agricultural society into a production-and manufacturing- based one.
Industrial societies
This was made possible by the use of advance sources of energy that operated factory
machineries .
Industrial societies
______ produced the number of changes in society. It created centralized
workplaces, economic interdependence, formal education, and complex society systems.
Industrialization
During this time, people left their farm lands and transferred to the urban areas to work in the
factories.
Industrial societies
With the development of information technology and computers, many societies
transformed into _______
POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
The ______ is an important development from the Industrial
Revolution as economic production focused on the use and application of new
information technology rather than factories ( Macionis, 2002. P46).
Post-Industrial Revolution
In the _____ Macionis (2002) writes the production “centers on
computers and devices that create, process, and apply ideas and information.
Post-Industrial era
