Chapter 4 Lesson 1 Flashcards
static stretching
The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds.
dynamic stretching
The active extension of a muscle, using a muscle’s force production and the body’s momentum, to take a joint through the full available range of motion.
neuromuscular stretching
A flexibility technique that incorporates varied combinations of isometric contraction and static stretching of the target muscle to create increases in range of motion. Also called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF).
flexibility
The present state or ability of a joint to move through a range of motion.
stretching
An active process to elongate muscles and connective tissues in order to increase the present state of flexibility.
viscoelastic
The collective properties related to fluid flow, heat dissipation, and elasticity of tissue.
nuclear chain fibers
located in muscle spindle, respond to changes in muscle elongation. This information is relayed to the central nervous system by type I and II afferents.
nuclear bag fibers
located in muscle spindle, respond to both the extent and rate of muscle elongation. This information is relayed to the central nervous system by type I and II afferents.
disfacilitation
Occurs when a receptor decreases its firing frequency or neural discharge, resulting in a weaker signal. Example: Muscle spindles decrease their discharge frequency after prolonged static stretching.
golgi tendon organs
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change. dynamic stretching more effective than static
Renshaw cells
Interneurons that prevent excessive output of the central nervous system’s contraction reflex response to sudden changes in muscle length.
stretch tolerance
client or athlete can tolerate greater discomfort and then push themselves through a greater ROM
tissue creep
An initial rapid increase in strain followed by a slower increase in strain at a constant stress
autogenic inhibition
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.
