Chapter 4 In Class Notes (Complete) Flashcards
Give examples of some inputs in computers
Keyboard mouse scanner microphone still camera video camera
What are 2 things that are used to process in a computer.
CPU
Main memory
List some outputs in a computer
Display
Printer
Speakers
Screen projector
Briefly explain the 3 steps in computer processing.
You get an input. The computer processes the input and gives you an output
How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
1,024
What comes after Terabyte
Petabyte
What comes after Petabyte
Exabyte
In Fewer Than 300 Words, How Does
a Computer Work? 4 steps of running a program or processing data?
• Running a Program or Processing Data
– CPU is the main actor
1. Computer transfers program or data from disk to main
memory
2. To execute an instruction, it moves the instruction from
main memory into the CPU via the data channel or bus
3. CPU has a small amount of very fast memory called
cache (frequently used instructions are stored the cache)
4. Large cache increases speed, but is expensive
Main Memory or ?
RAM
Define Memory Swapping?
• When RAM is too small to hold all open programs
and data
• CPU loads new program segments into free memory
• If none available, operating system swaps out existing
instructions, or data, to a disk and copies requested
program, or data, to freed space
– Swapping slows down computer
The more Gigahertz the?
faster the CPU
CPUs are also classified as either 32-bit or 64-bit. 64-
bit processors are
more expensive and more capable
(can address more memory, especially if you are
running more than 4GB of memory a.k.a. RAM).
What Is Difference Between a Client and
a Server? (cont’d)
Usually a Server has many clients. A server is something like web, email, database, or other type of server
Q2: What a Manager Needs to Know
About Software
next few questions under this.
Own versus License? What’s a license
– Right to use specified number of copies
– Limits vendor’s liability
What is a Site License
– Flat fee to install software product on all company
computers or all computers at a specific site
What is open source
no license fee
Types of Virtualization. 3 of them.
PC virtualization
Server virtualization
Virtual desktop
– Personal computer hosts several different operating
systems
PC virtualization
– Allows access from any computer a user has
authorization to use
Virtual Desktop
– Server computer hosts other server computers
– Makes cloud computing feasible
Server virtualization
What Types of Applications Exist, and
How Do Organizations Obtain Them? 3 types
Horizontal applications - obtained on the shelf
Vertical applications - on the shelf and off the shelf and then customized
One of a kind application - custom developed
How Do Thin Clients Compare to Thick
Clients?
Thin clients are things like windows and desktop applications. Thick clients are things like email (outlook)
What Is Firmware?
• Computer software installed on read-only memory
– Printers, print servers, communication devices
– Coded like other software
– Can be changed and upgraded
Q3: Is Open Source Software a Viable
Alternative?
Yes for some people
– Successful open source projects
– OpenOffice (Microsoft Office look-alike)
– FireFox (Web browser)
– MySQL (DBMS, see Chapter 5)
– Apache (Web server, see Chapter 8)
– Ubuntu (Windows-like desktop operating sys
Why Do Programmers Volunteer Their
Services?
- It’s fun
- Freedom to choose projects
- Exercise creativity on interesting and fulfilling projects
- Exhibit one’s skill to get a job
- Start a business selling services
Q4: How Can You Use Hardware
Knowledge?
• What Buying Decisions Do You Make?
• Specification of client hardware and software
• Specification of client hardware and software for
employees
– Large organizations, IS department sets formal
standards
– Medium to small organizations, managers take active
role in setting specifications
Q4: How Can You Use Hardware
Knowledge?
You can go through each component
Hardware - hardware purchases and maintenance fees
Software - licenses. costs for custom software. Software maintenance and support fees and costs
Data - data conversion costs, data acquisition costs
Procedures - design, development, and documentation, procedure maintenance costs
People - initial training costs, labor costs of using system
What Process Should You Use to
Establish a Computer Budget? 5 things
- Determine base requirements
- forecast requirement changes during the budget period
- Prepare the budget
- assess results
- document results
Q5: 2022?
• Can Microsoft take Office 365 into mobile market via
its Skype acquisition?
• PC mules will be rare
• Large-screen computing/connectivity devices
available everywhere
• Use a public device and connect to cloud
• Won’t need desktop office applications
• Cost performance issues of desktop virtualization will
be gone
brain of the computer
CPU
A computer with two CPUs is called a
dual-processor
Computer with 4 is called a
Quad-processor
Client computers are used for
word processing, spreadsheets, database access, and so forth. Most client computers also have software that enables them to connect to a network.
Servers?
provide some service. Some process email. Others process web sites, others process large shared databases and some provide all these functions or other, similar functions.
An operating system that was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s
Unix
version of unix that was developed by the open source community.
Linux
mobile operating system license by google
Android
Popular on phones in europe and the far east, but not as much in the US
symbian
Applications that process code on both the client and the server are called
client-server applications
A thick-client application is an application program that?
must be preinstalled on the client
a thin client application is one that runs?
within a browser and does not need to be preinstalled.
What types of things would you use your knowledge when deciding on hardware on the client side.
CPU speed, size of main memory, size of magnetic disk, Cd or dvd type
What types of things would you use your knowledge when deciding on software on the client side.
windows, mac, or linux os.
