Chapter 4: Gender Flashcards
Sex
Biological identity that is divided into the main categories of male or female
Gender
Social concept referring to the entire array of social patterns, behaviours, and beliefs categorizing men and women
Gender exists on a _________ of ________ and __________
Continuum
Masculine feminine
Intersex
People are born with the sexual organs of both genders
Penis and vagina, penis and boobs, whatever; you get the point, asshole
Transgender
Large groups of people. Live under the transgender umbrella
(Trans, agender, two spirit, gender fluid)
Our ideas about _______ are socially constructed. This means the norms we define and look at vary among _______ and _________
Gender
Societies, and cultures
When we _____ with each other, we ______ our common knowledge of reality as well as our understanding on how _______ should be
Interact
Reinforce
Society
Gender roles
Are one set of roles that we perform in society, constructed through individuals performance in social situation
Goffmans theory of dramaturgical perspective looks at the _________ and _________ stage revealing different gender norms
Front stage
Back stage
_________ is the term used to capture the idea that gender is created and sustained through interactions with others
Performativity
_____ are social institutions that unite people, and reinforces _____________ and values
Sports
Social norms
Sports are seen as very ___________. Men and women have very natural differences. Things such as the _______ used in sports to the __________ from marketing
Gendered
Language
Unequal pay
Hegemonic masculinity
Public display of male dominance and superiority
Sports tend to celebrate _________, superiority, and __________
Male dominance, superiority, and heterosexuality
Costs of masculinity
Looks at how men who step out of idea about masculinity face harmful consequences .
This may be gendered insults, or their identity being questioned
Female athletes are seen as ____________________________, they develop an________________.
Conflicting with conventional femininity
Apologetic strategy
Women in some sports get very large in size, oftentimes leading people to think they’re using ______ or have __________. Women are than masculinized, accused of lesbianism, or even recasted as a man
Steroids
Biological disorders
The Olympics only put _______ through _______ and _________
Women
Gender verification
Sex testing
Early examples of sex testing was _____________ of a __________
Gynocological examination
Nude parade
The social institute of ____ is highly gendered
Work
Over the last 30 years, the participation of women in the _______________ has dramatically increased
Labour force
More women working is due to changing norms about ______ and a greater need for ___________
The role of women
Two incomes
More women working = ___________. Such as :
More inequality
What men and women earn (the gap)
The types of jobs they have
Household tasks they do
Work is gendered in 2 main ways
Gender concentration in specific kinds of work
Gendered-imbued meaning in the definition of work
FUCK THIS CARD
Feminization of work
When a particular job, industry, or profession becomes dominated by women
Pink collar jobs are jobs like
Assistant, nurse, teachers, hair dresser
Women jobs
Double shifts
Refer to women who work for money and then come home to take care of the kids
Double shifts is the same as
Second shift
Gender and politics
There are many ways politics is gendered, mostly due to old men being in power
Feminism is concerned with :
Equality between men and women
Feminist theory focussed on how __________ comes about in society and how men and women’s __________ are created and recreated in society
Gender inequality
Gender roles
First wave feminism
Began in 19th Century, big in Canada, US, and UK
Addressed voting issues and women owning property
Second wave feminism
Now includes social change behold political and economic rights
Includes women in sports, gender violence, and martial rape laws
Third wave feminism
Developed in response to perceived gaps in a second wave dominated by white, middle class women
Looked at what women benefitted, more equality for dark and coloured people
Intersectionality
Is the study of how various dimensions of inequality can combine
Sexuality
Refers to those feelings of sexual attraction and behaviours related to them
Sexual orientation
Involves whom you desire, with who you want to have sex with, and share a sense of connectedness
*important part of sexuality**
Kinseys research showed their was a great deal of diversity in terms of sexual ______ and _______. He developed a __________-__________ rating scale
Desire
Behavior
Heretosexual-homosexual
Homophobia
Set of negative attitudes and beliefs about LGBTQ people
Herteronormativity
Refers to how social institutions, practices, and norms support an automatic assumption that other people are or should be heterosexual
